July 2, 1894.] Supplement to the " Tropical Agriculturist:'' 
lasts from 2 to 14 days. The invasion is marked 
by fever and a sense of illness, ihere may be J 
rigors, vomiting and diarrhoea and severe pains 
in the limbs. The seat of inoculation becomes 
inflamed and the nearest lymphatic glands be- 
come enlarged and tender. Inflamed lymphatics 
with hard knots (Farcy buds) may also be present. 
From two days to a week or more after invasion 
a characteristic eruption makes its appearance. 
First, they are little red spots like flea-bites 
which soon assume the form of elevated yellow- 
ish tubercles. They soon soften and form small 
hcemarrhagic abscesses, they then burst, leaving 
small yellowish ulcers. There soon sets in an 
offensive discharge from the nose, at first watery 
but afterwards puriform, and the lymphatic 
glands under the jaw enlarge. Finally, subcu- 
taneous abscesses form in various parts, which 
may be accompanied by hoemarrhages into 
the muscles and intermuscular tissue. Pneumonia 
or pleurisy may occur before death. The final 
stage resembles blood-poisoning in many respects. 
In some exceptional cases this disease may run 
a very chronic course. 
The disease usually proves fatal in a week 
or fortnight. Glanders is not to be confounded 
with an eruptive disease produced by the mor- 
bid fluids generated in the affection called 'grease,' 
an inflammation and swelling in the heels of 
the horse, from which at a certain period a 
very acrid thin matter issues- This, when applied 
to any abrasion of the hands, gives rise to a 
pustular affection of the skin and is termed 
Equinia mitis, in contradistinction to glanders, 
whicli is often called Equinia Glandulosa. It 
is not at all uncommon among coachmen, stable 
boys, farriers and other persons, who dress the 
heels of horses affected by the disease. The 
pustules in this condition are elevated, have a 
red, purple swelled base. They are about the 
size of a six-pence. The pustules become puru- 
lent about the third day, and begin to dry about 
the 10th or 12th forming thick scabs, which 
leave well-marked cicatrices. It was at one time 
supposed to be the origin of cow-pox. Its treat- 
ment consists merely in rest and mild local 
applications. 
The constitutional treatment of glanders 
should be supporting, stimulating and soothing. 
In external inoculated cases the wounded sur- 
faces should be early destroyed by caustics, e.g., 
fuming nitric acid, sulphate of copper or the hot 
iron. The swollen surfaces may be treated by leech- i 
ing, followed by solutions of carbolic acid, ice, &c. 
Abscesses and tumours should be laid open and • 
cauterised. Of the greatest importance is a ; 
general tonic and stimulating regimen. A nutri- j 
tious diet (including beef tea) abundance of pure 
air, alcoholic stimulants, quinine, tincture of 
perchloride of iron, and above all arseniate of 
strvchnia have been used with advantage. 
Prevention— The first step toward the preven- 
tion Of glanders in man is the systematic res- 
triction and'extinction of the affection in animals. 
Further measures are the following : — The avoid- 
ance of contact with glandered or suspected 
horses by all persons having any wounds, ab- 
rasions, or ulcers in their skins. The cauterisation 
of all such sores on persons necessarily brought 
in contact with glandered or suspected animals, 
or their products ; the general diffusion of in- 
formation as to the danger from glandered 
animals ; washing of hands and face in 
a solution of carbolic acid after handling in- 
fected animals or their products ; the thorough 
disinfection or destruction (by fire) of harness, 
clothing, racks, mangers, waggon poles, buckets, 
troughs, brushes, combs, litter, and fodder that 
have been exposed to infection ; and finally, the 
exclusion from the markets of all meats de- 
rived from suspected or infected animals. That 
glanders has never been recognised as arising 
from the consumption of diseased sheep or rabbits, 
does not prove that it has never reached man 
by this channel, any more than the absence 
of all recognition of the infection of man from 
the horse would prove the non-occurrence of such 
infection until the beginning of the present cen- 
tury. The knowledge that some of the animals 
used for food are liable to contact and convey 
this disease is an additional reason for the 
systematic and universal suppression of the 
disease among the equine population. 
ARSENIC AND ARSENATES AS INSECTICIDES. 
Arsenic is known to chemists as arseuious 
acid or white oxicle of arsenic. It is consider- 
ed an unsafe insecticide as its colour permits 
of its being mistaken for other substances of 
similar appearance, but in its various com- 
pounds it forms our best insecticides. A dose 
of from one to two grains usually proves fatal 
to an adult, thirty grains usually prove fatal 
to a horse, ten grains to a cow, and one 
grain or less is usually a fatal dose to a dog. 
In case of poisoning, while awaiting the arrival 
of a medical man, emetics should be resorted to, 
and after free vomiting, milk and eggs ad- 
ministered. Sugar and magnesia in milk is 
also useful. It may be mentioned that though 
arseuious acid or white oxide of arsenic goes 
by the name of arsenic, this latter term belongs 
to a black metallic element which by oxida- 
tion produces white arsenic. Arsenites are 
compounds of arsenic in which white arsenic 
unites with some metallic base. The principal 
arsenites used in destroying insects are Paris 
green and London purple. Paris green is an 
aceto-arsenite of copper. When pure it contains 
about 58 per cent of arsenic, but the com- 
mercial article usually contains less, often as 
little as 30 per cent. The following may be 
considered as an average analysis :— Arsenic, 
47 - 68 per cent ; copper oxide, 27 - 47 ; sul- 
phuric acid, 7'16; moisture, l"3o ; insoluble 
residue, 2 - 34 It is applied either as a solu- 
tion or in a dry condition, but in any case 
it has to be much diluted. For making a dry 
mixture, plaster, flour, air-slaked lime, road 
dust or sifted wood ashes may be used. The 
strength of the mixture required depends upon 
the plants and insects to which it is to be 
applied. The strongest mixture now recommeud- 
ed is 1 part of poison to 50 of the dilutaut, 
but if the mixing is very thoroughly done, 
1 part to 100 or even 200 is sufficient. Paris 
green is practically insoluble in water. When 
mixed with water, the mixture must be kept 
in a constant state of agitation, else the 
poison will settle, and the liquid trow thj 
