Supplement to the " Tropical Agriculturist." [July 2, 1894. 
bottom of the cask will be so strong as to 
do serious damage, while that from the top 
will be useless. For potatoes, apple trees, and 
most species of shade trees, one pound of poison 
to 200 gallons of water is a good mixture. 
For the stone fruits one pound to 300 or even 
350 gallons of water, is a strong enough mixture. 
Peach trees are very apt to be injured by 
arsenites, and for them the mixture should be 
no stronger than one pound to 300 gallons. 
In all cases, the liquid should be applied with 
force in a very fine spray. At some seasons 
of the year foliage is more liable to injury 
than at others. 
London purple is an arsenite of lime obtained 
as a by-product in the manufacture of aniline 
dyes. The compositon is variable. The amount 
of arsenic varies from 30 to over 50 per cent. 
The two following analyses show its composi- 
tion : — (1) Arsenic, 43"65 per cent ; rose aniline 
12 - 46 ; lime 21*82 ; insoluble residue, 14 - 57 ; iron 
oxide, 1-16 ; and water 2'27. (2) Arsenic 55-35 
per cent ; lime, 26'23 ; sulphuric acid, 22 ; car- 
bonic acid, 27 ; moisture, 5"29. It is a finer 
powder than Paris green, and therefore remains 
longer in suspension in water. It is used in 
the same manner as Paris green, but is some- 
times found to be more caustic on foliage. 
This injury is due to the presence of much 
soluble arsenic. London purple should not be 
used on peach trees. 
The arsenites may be used in connection with 
some fungicides, and in this manner both insects 
and fungi combated at the same time. The 
arsenites may thus be combined with Bordeaux 
mixture or soap applications. The addition of 
lime to Paris green or London purple mixtures 
greatly lessens injury to foliage, and, as a con- 
sequence, they can be applied in larger doses 
than ordinarily. The free lime combines with 
the soluble arsenic, which is the material that 
injures the foliage and the combination is a 
harmless ones. 
STOCK ITEMS. 
A good nurse for a sick cow must be well 
acquainted with the management of a healthy 
cow. Although, however, each animal requires a 
nurse who is acquainted with its normal habits in 
heatlh, yet there are certain fundamental ele- 
mentary laws, that are appliciable to all sick 
animals, The first consideration we have to 
deal with, especially with the large animals 
such as the horse and cow, is the provision 
of a suitable place wherein to nurse them. A 
place free from wind and rain, with a dry 
floor, an abundant supply of fresh air, and 
of sufficient dimensions to allow the animal to 
move or roll about without coming in contact 
with the walls is essential. 
' As far as possible, it is a wise plan to separ- 
ate a sick animal from those that are healthy, 
and to nurse it in a place removed from all 
other animals. In contagious diseases this is 
one of the first essential conditions that requires 
attention. In all diseases it is a wise precaution, 
as tending to the promotion of recovery of the 
ailing animal, and in view of the disease turn- 
ing out to be more serious than was at hntl 
supposed. 
The following are the statistics referring to 
contagious disease in Great Britain during 
1893: — The number of cattle slaughtered iu 
Great Britain for pleuro-pneumonia in 1893, 
were as follows : — 30 diseased, 1,157 iucontact, 
and 86 suspected. In 1892 the figures were — 
134 diseased, 3,477 incoutnet, 186 suspected; 
while in 1890 there were 2,022 diseased, and 
11,301 iucontact. The number of swine that 
died or were slaughtered for swine fever last 
year were — 6,133 died, 15,339 diseased or exposed 
to infection, and 93 suspected. In 1892 the 
number that died was 5,563, und there were 
12,394 slaughtered as diseased or exposed to 
infection. The number of cases of anthrax iu 
1893 were — 567 fresh outbreaks, and 1,294 ani- 
mals attacked. In 1892 there were 286 fresh 
outbreaks, and 633 animals attacked. There 
were 1,384 fresli outbreak.- of glanders, and 
2,127 animals attacked, against 1 ,632 fresli out- 
breaks and 2,954 animals attacked in 1892. 
The rearing of calves is a subject which should 
have special interest to stock-beeders in this 
country, and especially to the owners of milch 
catties since so large a percentage of these 
animals succumb before they are a year 
old. The manager of the Ceylon Government 
Dairy has been very successful in the rear- 
ing of calves according to a method which his 
experience of cattle has taught him. The 
following description on this subject, given by a 
writer to the tkottuh Farmer, referring to 
Ayrshire (perhaps the best milking) stock will 
not be without interest to many of our readers: — 
There are three methods of rearing calves : 
1st, Allowing the calf to suck its mother. 
This is the most natural way. It makes the 
best calf, but is very expensive. Thi6 system 
is seldom, if ever, followed with Ayrshires. 
The calf is apt to get wild by this method, un- 
less frequently handled. 2nd, Giving full milk 
alone, as it is drawn from the cow. This method 
is also expensive and not much practised- 3rd, 
The most prevalent method, and the one em- 
ployed by most people who breed for profit, 
consists in giving the full milk only for eight 
or ten days. The new milk is gradually reduced, 
and skim milk substituted, which is made up to 
the standard of full milk by artificial foods — 
as boiled linseed at a temperature not exceeding 
100 deg. Fahr. One gallon of skim milk with 
linseed gradually increased from one pound, and 
then to one pound and a half, is enough for 
an ordinary calf before weaning. Mixed half- 
and-half linseed meal and peameal is used by 
some, and considered good. Oatmeal is also a 
good substitute, but is very liable to cause 
acidity if the feeding is not regularly attended 
to. The calves should be learned to eat linseed 
cake before weaning, and may be allowed one 
pound per day on the grass through the sum- 
mer to keep them in good thriving condition. 
In the latter end they may be allowed a run 
on the young clover seeds. They should be 
comfortably housed in winter, and receive bay, 
a small quantity of pulped roots, and about $ 
