Aug. t, 1894.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
97 
an ounce; of oourse two ounces a week is sufficient 
for each person morning and eveniDg. Those who 
drink tea nse on an average £ lb. weekly," 
[The way to be rick and respectable. Rev. Dr. Trus'er, 
1796. p. 27. note.] 
A Country Dialogue. 
Good b'uye to the Change 
Where Kantepoles range, 
Farewell oold Tea, 
And Eattafee, 
Hide. park, too, where pride 
In ooacbes do ride, 
Altho' they be ohoak'd with Dust. [p. 6. 
Vol. I. Wit and Mirth : or Pills to purge Melancholy. 
Thos. Dutfey. London 1719.] 
THE LINN^EAN SOCIETY. 
At a meeting of the Liunasan Scoiety in their rooms 
in Burlington-house, on Thursday, the president, Mr. 
Charles Baron Clarke, F.it.s., taking the chair, Sir 
John Lubbook, M.P., f.r.s., read a paper on " Stipules 
and the Protection of Buds." He said that the paper 
on that occasion was a continuation of one he had 
previously read there. Stipules were the small leaf- 
lets at the base of the petiole of many plants. 
Vancher, in his History of Plants, many years ago 
called attention to the fact that some species of 
rockrose had stipules, while others had none, and 
suggested that it would be very interesting to attempt 
to ascertain the cause of the difference. To this, Sir 
John Lubbock went on to say, he would give 
the answer. Stipules served for several purposes 
in the economy of plants, one of the mos* 
general being the protection of the young 
leaves in the bud. The various plans adopted by 
nature for the protection of buds were a very interest- 
ing part of botany. The young leaves were very deli- 
cate; they suffered much, as gardeners knew too 
well, from frost, afforded a tempting food to insects 
and other auiinals. Moreover, their development was 
a slow process, the buds of the following spring being 
formed in many cases during tbe preceling summer, 
eveu as early as June or July. These delicate 
structures were in some cases protected by leaves, 
in others by scales, by hairs, by glands, gum, by 
mucus ; in many oases they nestled between the 
stalk and the petiole of the leaf, aud lastly, in very 
many cases, they were protected by the stipules. 
This was no*, however, tbe only function of stipules, 
whioh in some species were developed into 
spires, in others into glands, while in some they 
assisted in performing the funotion of true leaves. 
Sir John Lubbock described the form and arrange- 
ment of the stipules in a great many species and the 
purposes they served in the economy of the plants. 
He pointed out that when stipules were absent there 
was some ether arrangement for the protection of tbe 
bud, and in regard to the special problem suggested 
by Vaucherin the case of the species of rockrose, he 
showed that in those which had broa 1 petioles ttie 
petioles served for the protection of tbe bud and there 
were no stipules; while when the petioles were 
narrow stipules were developed and served the samo 
purpose. This, then, seemed a complete aud satis- 
factory answer to Vancher's problem. A vote of 
thtnks to Sir John Lubbock for the paper was cor- 
dially passed. There were two exhibitions in tbo 
leotute-room — one by Dr. John Lowe, of flowers 
punctured by insectivorous birds for the purpose of 
attracting insects, and the second, by Mr. Ravmund 
Dowling, of dwarf glauoous pine and remarkable nuts 
from Japan. — London Times. 
WASTE TEA SEED. 
Very many attempts have been made, from time 
to time, to hud somo use for tho toa seed from those 
gardens planted at the comninnccment, bub so far 
without avail. So groat is the quantity of eo?d an- 
nually produced, especially in those abandoned 
plantings, that attention should bo directed to its 
utilisation. As a general rule it is unfitted for nse 
i'i the planting line, being chiefly of the least desi- 
rable j,at, a hybrid but little removed from pure 
China ; the oil, which at one time was thought to 
afford a tolerably good lubrioant bas been found 
quite unsuitable either for that or any other purpose 
being far tco acrid for any domestic purpose and 
clogging too much to permit of being used in 
machinery ; as an ilumiraut, also, it in useless 
giving hut a feeble light and emitting more than the 
usual quantum of smoke. The cake is unfitted for 
cattl'i feeding, and though it might possibly be used 
as manure, it would, if prepared for this purpose 
merely rank with th&t of other cake the ferlilising 
qualities of all of which are of a very low order It 
might probably be utilised as fuel in lieu of gob'a but 
even this is doubtful, hence we arrive at no other con- 
clusion than that, apart from its characteristics as 
a propagating seed, pure and simple it is an unutilis- 
able product. We have theD, until chemistry discovers 
some economic value in it, to thiDk over what can 
be done with it. In 1863 64 a couple of planters 
seeing that the large speculative clearanoea under- 
taken could not attain the requisite amount of seed fo 
fill them, made early arrangements and purchased 
as much seed as their means permitted, establishing- 
nurseries upon the banks of the Barak at Luckipore 
and Katigore with a view of raising seedlings for 
sale. The scheme, so for » B they were concerned 
proved tolerably successful, and a large number of 
plants were disposed of at remunerative rates but 
at the former place a considerable area was left on 
their hands; Luckipore at that time being too re- 
mote from the speculative gardens ; eeeing this 
they set to work manufacturing, from tipping the 
nurseries, and though the plants bad been packed too 
closely, us was the custom in those day B , enough tea 
was made to give a remunerative return. These 
proceedings gave rise loan idea of close planting of 
six inches making nothing but fine teas from tipping 
aud rather extensive operations in this line were con- 
templated but the price of seed rose too high and in 
1865 people elected to raise their own plants instead 
of bringing them from a distance, thus the idea was 
shelved but it might be revived, for both land and 
seed are abundant ; the method of raising the 
plants would be very inexpensive, tbe operations con- 
tracted within a ring fence and for two years the 
quantity of leaf obtainable should oomo up at least 
to between 2£ to 3 maunds per acre. Interlacing 
of roots utt'^r the period mentioned would induoe 
choking, and as it is improbable that the plants could 
be sold, they oould be pulled up and thrown away 
and the land resawD. Of course we are aware that 
exhaustion of the soil has to be reokoned with, and 
it is well-known that o'd nurseries, when incorpor- 
ated with ther:at of the plantings make but a poor 
show, bat heavy manuring would rectify this draw- 
back, and such oould be carried out for more effectu- 
ally over a restricted area tban over a plantation 
laid out in tho ortholox manner. We do not ad. 
vocate any departure from the present method of 
planting, but merely throw out the suggestion so as 
to utilise the vast amount of tea seed that now rots 
on the abandoned bushe9. There is no reason to go 
to any great expense, the seed need not even bo 
shelled but shown in the capsule, and we have an im- 
pression that, n very large area of bheel plantingg 
that have turned out too low for permanency might 
be profitably utili ed in this manner. It is certaiBly 
a pity that hundreds of maunds of seed should run 
to waste on the bushes, as at present, when some- 
thing, however sruall might be made out of it.— 
Indian Planters' Gazette. 
CHEAP GOVERNMENT QUININE IN 
ALGERIA. 
M. Bogelot, counsel to tho Association of French 
Pharmaoists, writes to tho Union Phartnaeeutique of 
Pari?, 'calling attention to a couple of circulars 
issued by tho Frefeot of Uonstantine, in the colony 
