Aug. t, i 894. J THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
129 
one seeks the solution in the introduction of a yellow 
raoe, able to stand a tmpioal olimate and intelligent 
enough to undertake those special avooations which 
in temperate olimates would be filled by Europeans. 
There oan be little question as to the yellow raoe 
whioh is called upon to take a share in the 
Tridominium of the eastern half of Africa : it is the 
Indian — the Sikh, the Parsi. the Hindu, the Hindi, 
the Khoja, the Mennon, the Kattshi (Gutohee), the 
Goanese and the Tamul. The Arab is condemned 
as hopelessly '»zy, arrogant, ignorant, vicious and 
unskilled. The Chinese ia an undesirable 
immigrant for many reasons, which it is not 
necessary to specify, and besides does not 
appear to be well suited to the African 
climate. The yellow raoe most suooessful hitherto 
in Eaetern Afrioa is the native of Hindustan — 
that raoe in divers types and of diverse religions 
which, under British or Portuguese aagiB, has oreated 
«nd developed the oommerce of the East Afrioan 
littoral. 
The immigration of the docile, kindly, thrifty* 
industrious, olever-fingered, sharp-witted Indian 
into Central Africa will furnish us with the solid 
oore of our armed forces in that continent, and 
will supply us with telegraph clerks, the petty 
shopkeepers, the skilled artisans, the cooks, the 
minor employes, the clerks, and the railway offioials 
needed in the civilised administration of Tropical 
Afrioa. The Indian, liked by both Blaok and White, 
will serve as a link between these two divergent 
races. Moreover, Africa, opening this vast field 
to the enterprise and overflow of the yellow races 
of the Indian Empire, will direct a large current 
of wealth to the impoverished peninsula, and 
afford space for the reoeption, in not far distant 
homes, of the surplus population of Southern 
Asia. — Public Opinion. 
LEAVES OF TREES AS FODDER. 
The TJuitid States Consul at Chemnitz, in a 
recent report, describes the experiments made by 
farmers on the Continent last year to feed their 
cattle on the leaves of. trees. The French, he says, 
have taken the lead in the moment. They recom- 
mend exclusively the leaves of the bazel, pspen, ash, 
elm, and willow. The leaves, after being gathered, 
are spread on the barn floor to the depth of three 
to four inches, and are turne'l once a day. They dry 
in from three to five days, acoerding to the weather, 
when dry they are piled up ready for u=e. It is profita- 
ble to prepare each day's supply 24 hours beforehand. 
There is mixed wnh tbe leaves t.> be served each day 
a small amount of chopped-up turnips, leaving the 
whole to ferment. Just before feeding, clover, hay, or 
luce-no is sometimes added. This food has been found 
especially good for miloh cows. Young shoots and 
branches of trees, with their new leaves, are picked off 
every five years and fed to sheep. Tbesa animals are 
very fond of the aspen, because of its resinous and 
swret buds. Willow leavis and htrk mixed with 
o.li are regarded as a very pleasan% nutritious, aud 
strengthening food for horses- It is not good to feed 
the liaves green; iu fact, the cittle prefer them 
dried. Aiiaiu, ihey should be srrved only with other 
fjdder. Wtuu the leaveB are young they contain a 
luige quantity of niuo^ei . As the lessen advances 
ihia gross I ps, as do also iheir uourii-hing properties. 
It is naiii that July anil Aiuu»i, when the leaves are 
loll prowii, is the best lime lor harvesting the'n, 
Expei imen's were ma o wi h potato It aves, bu the 
ramlts were unsatiafi c or\ . 'ihey .-h ull be used 
only in times of grd.wst sc.rciiy, and only men lo 
save the livo i-tock. Th potatoes deprived of theii 
p«iv-s Buffer much more th .11 iu uiadu up 1 y their leaf 
vdlin'. for fod'ler. The Ooiibul concludes: — " Alt this 
trm ble iu Europe ia taken to find substitutes at:d to 
save cattle, and yet 2,000,000,000 buthels of the best 
food lor maa ami bo st burden the granaries and 
barns of the United States. Why do not the European 
farmers take our maze? It is infinitely better than 
their best substitute, is one-third as dear as rye or 
whea f , and, in the testimony of their own chemis's 
almost as nutritious; though twice as dear as potatoes 
it is more than four times as nutritious."— The Times 
THE RELATIVE HEALTHINESS OF 
TEA AND COFFEE PLANTING. 
This subjeot has reoently engaged a good deal of 
attention. Probably notioe was first attraoted to 
it by the statement made to our London Corre- 
spondent by the Secretary of the Standard Lifo 
Assuranoe Society, that it materially affected \\\<i 
question of reduotion in the rate for Life Assuranoe 
in Ceylon. Subsequently we have seen the srojo 
oause assigned in our Correspondence columns as 
affording some excuse — or rather reafon— for the 
alleged inoreBPe of a disposition among our planters 
to take more frequent holidays and relaxation 
than used to be the custom with thoss 
engaged in coffee planting. Now if there can 
be any good foundation for this contention 
we should be tbe lest to dispute its wisdom. "Ail 
work and no play," we know results in " makin" 
Jack a dull boy." It cannot be for the welfare to 
any country that its 'industries should be open 0 
such an indiotment. fit is, however, questionable, 
we think, if this can altogether be sustained against 
tea. We are quite prepared to admit the prima 
facie faot that the preparation — as apart from the 
cultivation — of tea, imposes a duty upon our plan- 
ters to which they were not in former days 
subjected. When coffee was king all, or nearly 
all, the course of preparation was a distinot 
pursuit. The planter had little or nothing to do 
with this, and the word "factory" was unknown 
in estate procedure. But after all a planter can, 
and does, only work for so many hours daily. The" 
coffee planter passed most of these among his 
ooolies, exposed to the burning rays of the sun. 
Some of the time so passed is ocoupied by the 
tea planter in the factory, and he naturally selects 
that part of the day during which his predeoessor 
probably suffered most from the heat of out-door 
supervision. Whioh of the two conditions would be 
more likely to injuriously affeot health? If the tea 
planter is incautious enough to expose himself to 
external chilling by a sudden ohange from the air of 
tbefaotory to that outside, of course itcan be realized 
he incurs serious danger. But on comparatively few 
oooasions need this risk be encountered. If disregard 
be Bhown to commonsense precautions we can hardly 
be expected to sympathize much; and if it be 
observed, it is open to considerable doubt, we 
believe, if the tea planter has not the better of the 
coffee planter in the situations oompared. Nor 
should one additional circumstance be altogether 
overlooked. It was well-known that when the ooffee 
trees were in full blossom and the air was char ed 
by and with a heavy perfume, fever often 
became prevalont on estates. So well-known 
a danger was this, that European ladies often 
endeavoured to reside away from ooffee plantations 
at the blossoming season. We have never heard 
that the wives of our tea planters are driven by 
any causa arising from tea cultivation to such an 
exoduB. Of oourse the husbands or fathers whose 
duies oompelled their remaining upon tbe ooffee 
estates at the particular season mentioned must 
nave suffered in some degree, and we doubt if, 
as a whole, fever is now so common on estates 
oilher among superintendents or ooolies, as it was 
in the days of coffee planting. Wo by no menus 
desire to curtail legitimate amusement among our 
younger generation of planters ; but we doubt if the 
