286 
Supplement to the l > Tropical Agriculturist." [Oct. 1, 1894. 
a variable quantity) being disposed of to private 
persons or converted into butter. But still there 
were some non-milking animals being fed for 
•various perioda till August 1, and the expenses 
under this head tended to lower the profits 
for the month. 
1 should have stated that at the end of June 
there was a balance on the wrong side of E148-80. 
At the end of July it was found that there 
was a small profit of E8594. 
By the end of July the output of milk had been 
brought up to about 230 bottles a day, and from 
the 1st August the dairy was able to undertake 
the milk supply of the various medical institutions 
in Colombo. At the start many difficulties were 
encountered, especially in the matter of delivery, 
but after a little time they were got over. The 
net profit realized at the end of August was R51L47. 
The success of the dairy during August was greater 
than was ever anticipated, but we have been for- 
tunate, in the fact that everything has gone well 
with us so far. There has been hardly any sick- 
ness to speak of among the cows. Two or three 
animals suffered from slight ailments, but they 
speedily recovered under the treatment of the 
Veterinary Surgeon. Two deaths occurred among 
the calves, but there has been no dimunition in 
the milk given by the mothers. 
On the advice ot the Veterinary Surgeon a 
"ring fence" has been constructed with the dairy 
as a centre, in order to prevent the possibility 
of diseased cattle coming in contact with our 
herd. Gates or bars have also been set up across 
the various paths leading to the dairy with the 
same object. No cattle or carts are permitted 
to enter the dairy premises, while strict regulations 
are enforced in the case of coolies and others. 
It is to be hoped that these precautionary 
measures will be the means of keeping the cows 
free from contagion and iufection. 
Mr. Lye generally visits the dairy once or twice 
a day when he is in Colombo, and enters his 
remarks as to the health of the cattle in a book 
kept for that purpose. It is undoubtedly of the 
greatest advantage to the dairy that it has the 
benefit of Mr. Lye's services. 
The statement of accounts for September shows 
that the income from the dairy was El,245'06, 
the expenditure R75L19, and the profits E49387. 
In October the income was El,379 - 80, the ex- 
penditure E798'67, and the profits E58L13. During 
the month the last two in calf cows of the 
45 animals purchased (viz., the two cows Butter- 
cup and Jasmine) calved on the 19th and 2oth 
respectively. 
In November the income was Rl,3-58'64, the ex- 
penditure (including the salaries of two extra 
coolies) was E80515, and the profits, E553 - 49. 
During this month there was one case of serious 
illness (inversion of the vagina), the cause of which 
was not ascertainable. Every attempt was made 
to treat the animal in the absence of the Govern- 
ment Veterinary Surgeon (who had left for India 
about the middle of the month with the object of 
bringing another batch of cows for the dairy), but 
inflammation and eventually ulceration of the organ 
set in, and the cow was in a very bad way, when 
a "vedarala" in the employ of Mr. J. W. C. de 
Soysa was called in. This native cattle doctor suc- 
ceeded in completely restoring the animal to health 
after a fortnight's treatment, 
Early in the month another stud bull of the Aden 
breed was sent out from Poouaby the Superinten- 
dent of Farms, Bombay Presidency, at a cost of 
EloO. This animal was in poor condition oil it- 
arrival, and since the Sindh bull which came out 
with the Bombay cattle, as well as the Nellore bull 
that had been attached to the school previous to the 
opening of the dairy, were not very satisfactory 
as stud animals, under the circumstances, and as it 
was most important that the dairy cows should l>e 
served without delay, arrangements were made 
with Mr. J. W. C. de Soysa for the loan of a Cape 
stud bull. This animal, a proved stock setter, 
served 26 cows during the nine weeks it remained 
on the premises. Seven other cows were served 
by the Aden bull and one by the Nellore. All 
the cows served are timed to calve between the 
16th of August and 19th of October, 1«»4. 
During November two fresh animals were pur- 
chased locally with the balance available from t he 
vote for the purchase of cows for the dairy, and the 
total number of cows in the dairy was raised to 47. 
In December the income of the dairy was 
111,387-90, the expenditure E832-61, and (ha profits 
Eooo-29. At the end of the month there were 44 
calves in the dairy, only 2, of those which were 
born on the premises, having died : one cow having 
lost its calf before coming to us. 
I may mention that the rearing of calves is a 
matter of great difficulty in Ceylon, and that a large 
percentage die when a few months old. Those be- 
longing to i lie dairy were carefully reared, and 
grew up to be fine specimens for their ages. The 
calves, when a week or two old, were first given 
what is known as "kollu" water, or water in 
whicli kollu (Dolichos biflorxu), a leguminous 
seed, had been boiled. Later, a few of the boiled 
seed were allowed, and then poonac or coconut 
cake gradually added. Eventually the calves 
took the ordinary diet of poonac and cotton seed. 
In this way much of the milk which would have 
been sucked up by the calves, if they were to be 
nourished in the usual manner, was saved, as the 
calves were only permitted to suck for a short 
while till the secretion of milk was started in the 
udder, and again after milking was completed. 
The cows still require — as all Indian cows do — 
the presence of the calf at milking ; and the cows 
that have lost their calves have been trained to 
allow other calves to suck them. A distinct 
account of the expenditure on the feeding of calves 
is being kept by the Manager of the Dairy ; 
the amount will have to be deducted from the 
value the animals will realize when sold. It is 
intended, however, to retain a number of calves 
for the use of the dairy. 
Land attached to the School- 
The new grant of land, about 40 acres, which 
was made to the school in 1891, originally con- 
sisted of neglected cinnamon and low scrub with 
about 1§ acre of cultivated grass. Since the land 
came to the school it has been gradually cleared 
and put under grass, under the superintendence 
first of Mr. Jayawardana, late Head Master, and 
then of Mr. Eodrigo, now Manager of the Dairy. 
This was done without any extra cost to Govern- 
ment, and according to the usual plan of appor- 
tioning blocks to Tamil coolies, who undertook the 
clearing, preparation, and planting of the land on 
the understanding that they wouldbe allowed, to 
