436 
on the signboard over his door. The Solicitor 
for the College stated that any person that did 
not belong to the College committed an offence 
by appending the word "Veterinary*' to his 
name, unless he had obtained a certificate from 
the Highland and Agricultural Society prior to 
the passing of the Veterinary Surgeons' Act. The 
offender, on promising to alter his siguboard, 
got off with a fine of twenty shillings and costs. 
The Berlin Agricultural Association gives t lie fol- 
lowing rules as regards the age of horned stock, 
as reliable: — Change of teeth begins, as a rule, 
at the age of H years, when the milk middle 
front teeth are shed and replaced by the per- 
manent front teeth, which come completely into 
position towards the end of the second year. 
At 2| years, as a rule, the inner milk front tee h 
fall out, and their successors are in place by 
the end of the third year. From 8J to 4A years, 
as a rule, the outer milk front teeth full out, 
and their successors are fully in use towards 
the close of the fourth year. From 4| to 4s 
years the milk teeth continue to fall out, and 
their successors are in use by the end of the fifth 
year. Animals got in calf before the end of the 
twentieth month have the change of teeth 
hindered, while it takes place sooner in early 
maturing breeds. 
Mr. George Clarke, a Haddington farmer, 
writes to the Scottish Farmer: — I have been 
much interested in reading in your valuable 
paper the west country dairy records of the 
weight of milk. 1 only keep two Shorthorn 
cows for my house supply, and one of them has 
gone dry after giving milk for eight and a half 
months ; total yield, 7,840 lb., almost 760 gallons. 
The other is still yielding well, and when she 
stops will probably beat the above record. The 
first-mentioned cow is now carrying her seventh 
calf, and has always been considered a good cow ; 
now I am sure of it. She was fed on turnips and 
straw, and 3 lb. per day of linseed cake for the 
first three months after calving, then was grazed 
on good old pasture. It is the custom here to 
milk three times daily for first three months after 
calving. Then twice a-day afterwards. 
Rankine says that there are certain appearances 
characteristic of good wood, to what class soever 
it belongs. In the same species of wood, that 
specimen will in general be the strongest and 
most durable which has grown the slowest as 
shown by the narrowness of the rings. It should 
show no wooliness at a freshly-cut surface nor 
should it clog the teeth of the saw with loose 
fibres. If the wood is coloured, darkness of colour 
is in general a sign of strength and durability. The 
freshly-cut surface of the wood iboaM be firm nnd 
shining, and should have sotnewhut of a translucent 
appearance. In wood of a given species, the 
heavy specimens are in general the stronger and 
the more lasting. Among resinous woods those 
having the least resin in tbcfo pores and among 
nou-resiuous woods those which have least sup 
or gum in tnem are in general the strongest and 
most enduring. Timber should be free from such 
blemishes as clefts or cracks radiating from the 
I centre: cup shaken or cracks which partially 
separate one layer from another: upset when* 
the fibres have been crippled by compression, wind 
I galls or wounds in a layer of wood which have 
| been covered and concealed by the growth of 
the subsequent layers over them and hollowed or 
I s P on g.V pluces indicating the comencement. 
Horse are subject to various diseases, but 
j possibly noue is more to be dreaded than glanders. 
I Unlike some others, it is fraught with serious 
danger to the human species, und thus it holds 
somewhat the same place in the equine world as 
tuberculosis holds iu the bovine world. It has 
this other point of resemblance, that there is a 
possible means of diagnosing glanders in its 
incipient stages, about the efficacy of which the 
veterinary profession are disposed to be a little 
sceptical. This substance is called mallein, and, 
as in the case of tuberculin and tuberculosis, 
some of the more cautious spirits in the profession 
are inclined to take up a non-committal attitude 
in regard to its efficucy in diagnosing glanders. 
The powers of this new agent have, however, been 
somewhat extensively tested by other members of 
the profession, and so satisfied are some Continental 
experts with the results, that in Switzerland the 
supreme authority has made the use of mallein 
compulsory in the diagnosis of the disease, and 
the French Government seems disposed to legis- 
late iu the same direction. The procedure in the 
Swiss Republic is that horses, asses, and mules are 
valued before being subjected to the mallein test. 
Should the reaction follow which indicates the 
presence of glanders, the animals are slaughtered : 
and if the post-mortem reveals the presence of the 
disease, compensation is granted to one-fourth 
the value of the animal : but should the presence 
of glanders not be proved, full value is given. 
Amongst those who have borne testimony in 
favour of mallein in this country are Principal 
M'Fadyean and Mr. Hunting, F.R.C.V.S. The 
opinion of the first-named gentleman is, however, 
couched in language of characteristic caution. 
He says that mallein is quite as effective for the 
early detection of glanders as is tuberculin for 
tuberculosis. Mr. Hunting is more emphatic 
After having used mallein iu 75 cases, he testifies 
that in only one has a post-mortem examination 
failed to verify the indications of mallein. 
