July  i,  1892.1 
THE  TROPICAL  JKOOTGUl-TU  Fll  8T. 
7i 
Mr.  R.  Blechynden,  Secretary,  Joint  Tea  Committee, 
writes  as  follows  to  the  Secretary,  Indian  Tea  Associa- 
tion, Calcutta. 
Sir, — I am  directed  by  the  Joint  Committee  to  for- 
ward a copy  of  the  First  Report  on  progress  made  iu  the 
inqury  relating  to  Tea-soils, 'Plants  and  Manures, and  am 
to  say  that  this  Report  marks  a stage  of  the  inquiry  when 
it  becomes  necessary  to  consider  the  arrangements  for 
the  future.  The  original  schemeincinded  “the  analysisof 
the  Tea-plant,  Soils  and  various  Manures  practically 
available ; and  b1<o  for  a scientific  enquiry  into  tbs 
chemical  changes  uudergece  by  tea  leaf  in  the  process 
of  manufacture.”  The  subject,  therefore,  naturally 
falls  into  two  divisions,  and  tho  Report  accompanying 
this  letter  deals  soleiy  with  the  first  portion,  The  im- 
portant questions  of  the  chemical  composition  of  the 
foils,  tea-bush,  manures  used,  and  rain-water  have 
been  dealt  with  fully,  and  suggestions  based  on  these 
data  made  as  to  the  cultivation,  manures  in  use,  man- 
ures, recommended,  and  similar  points.  The  season 
was  too  far  advanced  by  the  time  the  information  was 
collected  to  make  full  practical  test  on  the  lines  indi- 
cated, but  when  the  results  of  some  experiments  with 
manures,  which  were  initiated  earlier  in  the  s^asor, 
are  received,  they  will,  it  is  hoped,  tend  to  coulirm 
some  ot  the  conclusions  arrived  at  from  the  analytical 
data.  These  results  will  be  dealt  with  in  a Supple- 
mentary Report.  The  Committee  considerthat  suffici- 
ent progress  has  been  made  to  warrant  a con‘inuauce 
of  the  investigation  on  the  lines  originally  laid  dowD, 
and  they  are  desirous  of  ascertaining,  as  early  as  pos- 
sible, whether  the  Association  propose  to  continue 
their  grant,  as  arrangements  should  now  be  made 
for  entering  upon  the  second  portion  of  the  en- 
quiry. Mr.  Bamber’s  agreement  expires  iu  April, 
1892,  and  three  months’  notice  fcas  to  be  given  to 
terminate  it.  Should  the  Association  allow  the 
grant  for  a further  period  of  18  months,  by  taking 
up  the  2nd  portion  of  the  enquiry  early  in  tho  year, 
two  whole  seasons  would  be  secured  for  the  investi- 
gations. The  preliminary  arrangements  include  the 
obtaining  of  certain  chemical  apparatus  from  En- 
rope,  an  1 it  is  neoessary  for  the  Committee  to  know 
as  soon  as  possible  the  iutoniions  of  the  Association, 
so  that  no  valuable  time  may  be  lost. 
The  original  grant  from  the  Association  was  RIO, 000, 
of  which  R6,392  have  been  expended.  There  is  a 
ba’ance  in  hand  to  meet  the  current  expenses  to  the 
month  of  April  next,  and  the  Committee  desire  mo  to 
point  out  that  unless  arrangements  are  now  made  for 
the  continuance  of  the  investigations,  that  the  balance 
of  Mr.  Bamber’s  time  cannot  be  employed  with  much 
profit.  The  Committee  estimate  that  a further  grant 
of  R1 1,000  would  amply  cover  all  expenses  for  a 
further  term  of  18  months,  an  approximate  estimate 
of  which  is  given.  The  Committee  desire  it  to  be 
understood,  that  the  inquiry  into  the  manufacture 
of  Tea  would  necessitate  Mr.  Bamber’s  residing  on  a 
Tea  Garden,  so  that  all  circumstances  affecting  the 
quality  of  the  Tea  manufactured  could  be  clo.-ely 
observed  and  experimented  upon. 
At  this  stage  it  is  Dot  possible  to  do  more  than 
sketch  in  cutline  the  course  the  investigations  wruld 
probably  take,  but  th6  following  would  be  included  : — 
Withering , — (a)  The  rate  of  drying  and  loss  of 
weight  in  property  withering  leaf.  ( h ) Whether 
the  chemical  changes  produced  are  noxious  or  bene- 
ficial to  the  Te3,  and  if  they  can  be  checked  or 
increased. 
Rolling. — (a)  The  effect  of  hard  and  rapid,  or  light 
and  protraofced  rolling  ou  the  strength  of  tho  Tea,  and 
the  reason  of  any  snoh  effect. 
Fermenting. — (a)  The  amount  of  Tannin  destroyed, 
and  whether  any  other  chemical  changes  can  bo  checked 
or  increased  accordingly  as  they  are  noxious  or  bene- 
ficial to  the  Tea.  (6)  The  most  suitable  conditions  of 
temperature  and  humidity  of  tbe  atmosphere,  and  the 
temperature  to  which  the  fermenting  leaf  should  rise 
to  yield  the  best  results,  (c)  Effect  of  fermentation 
under  various  conditions. 
tiring, — (a)  The  effect  of  high  and  low  temper- 
atures on  the  product.  (4)  Tbe  amount  of  moisture  !o-t 
during  the  process,  and  whether  the  amount  of  moist 
ure  left  in  the  Tea  has  any  relation  to  the  value. 
Storing. — (a)  Increase  or  loss  of  moisture  in  the 
leaf  by  storage,  (h)  The  chemical  ohanges  produced 
dnring  the  process  which  would  influence  the  value 
of  the  Tea. 
Re-firing. — ( a ) The  amount  of  moisture  in  the  refired 
Tea  and  tbe  chemioal  changes  produced. 
In  the  first  instance  experiments  would  be  carried 
out  on  a laboratory  scale  to  test  the  correctness  of 
any  ideas  suggested  by  chemical  analysis,  and,  in 
cases  when  these  ideas  are  borne  out,  further  experi- 
ments would  have  to  be  made  on  a manufacturing 
scale.  Working  on  tbe  system,  it  is  not  probable 
that  the  outturn  of  Tea  manufactured  on  the  garden 
selected  for  tbe  opera' ions  would  be  materially 
effected. 
Cooked  Meat  and  Broth. — Meat  from  the  butcher 
is  the  best  food  that  can  be  fed  to  the  laying  hens, 
as  it  is  egg  producing  and  does  not  make  them  fat, 
if  the  meat  is  lean.  Ground  meat  may  be  mixed  with 
the  morning  meal.  To  feed  meat,  cook  it  to  a broth 
and  thicken  with  ground  oats,  or  chop  the  meat  fine. 
A pound  of  meat  to  sixteen  hens,  three  times  a week, 
is  about  the  proper  quantity,  which,  however,  depends 
on  the  kind  of  hen.  If  she  is  laying  well  she  may 
be  given  meat  every  day  with  advantage.— Florida 
Agriculturist 
CEYLON  EXPORTS  AND  DISTRIBUTION,  1892. 
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