140 
THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTURIST. 
[August  i,  1892. 
or  other  aid  being  insuffioient,  that  all  superin- 
tendents of  tea  estates  in  receipt  of  R3.000  per 
annum  or  more,  should  voluntarily  tsx  their  ealariee 
as  the  Assam  planters  are  doing  to  keep  the  good 
cause  at  Chicago. 
The  Rev.  Sydney  Smith  is  credited  with  the 
shortest  charity  sermon  ever  preaobed.  “ Brethren," 
he  said,“  my  text  is  ‘He  who  giveth  to  the  poor 
lendeth  to  the  Lord;’  if  you  like  the  security  down 
with  the  cash.”  The  enthusiasm  and  the  big  collec- 
tion that  followed  was  astounding.  In  our  own  case 
if  the  Ceylon  tea  planters  truBt  their  Commis- 
sioner, let  him  have  a free  hand  and  what  money 
he  wants. — Yours  faithfully,  T.  D.,  Jr. 
p.  s.— “ Cast  thy  bread  upon  the  wateis  and 
it  shall  return  to  thee  after  many  days" — a 
strange  saying  but  one  most  applicable  to  the  present 
case. 
The  Waste  of  Manufacttjfjng  Processes. — 
Steady  progress  is  being  made  in  the  utilization  of 
the  offensive  waste  material  of  various  manufactur- 
ing processes,  says  the  Pall  Mali  Gazette  : — 
The  “ammonia  water”  of  the  gas  works,  once  con- 
sidered as  an  entirely  waste  and  obnoxious  product, 
now  yields  the  principal  supply  of  sulphate  of  am- 
monia. The  distillation  of  shale  for  the  production 
of  paraffin  oil  ranks  next,  and  this  is  followed  by  the 
blast-furnace  gases  of  ironworks.  In  some  of  the  more 
extensive  ironworks,  Mr.  Fletcher  records  in  his  re- 
port on  the  alkali  works,  as  large  a capital  as  £70,000 
has  been  expended  in  the  erection  of  apparatus  for 
the  collection  and  manipulation  of  the  tar  an  d am- 
monia derived  from  the  gases.  In  some  cases  more 
of  the  capital  invested  in  an  iron-smelting  work  is 
devoted  to  the  treatment  and  collection  of  the  tar  and 
ammonia  than  to  the  production  of  the  iron  itself, 
and  more  profit  is  yielded  by  the  former  than  by  the 
latter,  so  that  the  iron  may  almost  be  styled  the  by- 
product, and  ammonia  the  main  product.  Mr. 
Fletcher  does  not  fear  that  the  more  extensive  col- 
lection of  ammonia— last  year's  production  was  no 
less  than  143,006  tons— will  lower  the  price  to  an  un- 
profitable extent,  considering  that  its  chief  use  is 
agricultural.  In  extracting  the  sulphur  from  the  tank 
waste  of  the  alkali  works  the  Uhance-Claus  process 
is  very  successful.  Already  80,000  tons  have  been  ex- 
tracted at  a cost  which  leaves  a profit  to  the  manu- 
facturer. The  present  rate  of  production  is  900  tons 
a week,  and  it  is  fast  increasing.  The  sulphur  made 
is  of  the  purest,  and  it  finds  a ready  market  at  home 
and  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere  abroad. 
YVhen  the  sulphur  has  been  extracted,  the  tank  waste 
is  no  longer  the  noxious  material  that  it  previously 
was,  and  pressure  is  being  brought  to  bear  upon  the 
makers  to  induce  them  to  desulphurize  all  their  waste. 
Efforts  are  being  made  to  utilize  the  residue  in  the 
manufacture  of  cement.  The  liquors  resulting  from 
the  operations  of  tinplate  manufacture,  and  of  works 
for  galvanizing  iron,  containing  either  sulphate  or 
chloride  of  iron  in  soluticfh,  have  till  recently  been 
allowed  to  flow  away,  causing  great  pollution  of  the 
utreams  which  l’eceived  them.  Now  it  has  been  found 
possible  to  recover  much  valuable  acid  and  oxide  of 
iron,  and  prevent  a considerable  source  of  liver  pol- 
lution. It  has  thus  been  demonstrated  again  and 
again  that  obnoxious  “ waste  can  be  turned  into 
wholesome  commodities,  to  the  gain  of  the  manu- 
facturer. 
The  Assam  Tea  Planters  have  been  fortunate  in 
more  respects  than  one  in  securing  a new  field  for 
recruitment  in  Ganjam.  the  northernmost  oi  the 
districts  of  the  Madras  Presidency,  as  in  the  labour- 
ers they  have  been  getting  from  there  have  found 
the  best  material  for  withstanding  the  unhealthy 
climate  of  the  Province.  The  repost  on  emigration 
from  Ganjam  to  Assam  in  18P1,  is  a brief  document 
but  by  no  means  unsatisfactory.  In  that  year  5,203 
labourers  were  recruited  against  1.247  in  the  previous 
year.  Of  course  there  were  charges  oi  kidnapping', 
but  none  were  substantiated,  a remit  which  must 
be  ccnsidered  satisfactory  when  compared  with  the 
numt  er  of  similar  complaints  made  iD  connection 
with  emigration  from  iho  Bengal  districts.  11  The 
emigrants,”  we  are  told,  11  proceed  to  Assam  cheer- 
fully, having  learnt  frem  returned  emigrants  the 
nature  of  the  work  and  the  prospect  of  prefit.  After 
the  registration  of  the  e.migranls  by  the  several 
Protectors  of  Labouiers,  they  are  conveyed  by  the 
contractors  to  Gopalpur,  and  ihere  accommodated  in 
fuitable  depots.  They  are  thence  shipped  by  the 
fir-t  available  British  India  Steam  Navigation  steamer 
to  Calcutta,  under  the  supervision  ox  the  Port  Officer, 
Gopalpur,  to  whom  an  extract  from  the  register  of 
emigrants  is  sent  by  each  Protector  of  Labourers 
immediately  after  the  registration  of  each  batch." 
To  the  Government  the  emigration  from  Ganjam 
must  be  profitable,  for  while  the  receipts  amounted 
to  B9,404,  the  expenditure  during  the  year  was  only 
R373. — Madras  Times,  June  20. 
Tbe  Profits  of  Tree  Planting  —A  famous 
admiral  used  to  scatter  accrns  fum  his  pockets 
that  England  might  never  lack  oaks  for  ship- 
building. That  was  iho  patriotic  side  of  tree- 
planting  ; here  is  ihe  pecuniary.  A ceriain  Tommy 
Walker,  of  whom  we  are  told  by  a Yankee  journal, 
when  a child  planted  four  walnut-trees  by  the 
roadside  opposite  his  father’s  house,  ten  miles  west 
ot  Knoxville.  He  lives  to  see  tour  walDut-trecs 
grow  to  a rneasuteof  four  feet  in  diameter,  worth, 
if  properly  cut  and  seasoned,  at  least  4C0  dols. 
each.  Hnd  he  planted  S00  walnuts  on  an  adjoining 
acre  of  ground,  iris  heirs,  when  he  died,  would  have 
been  120,000  dols.  better  off.  Today  they  would  be 
200,000  better  off.  Had  he  planted  10  acres  they 
would  be  worth  at  least  2,000,000.  Had  he  planted 
a hundred  acres,  and  all  the  trees  had  leached 
an  average  size  of  three  feet  in  diameter,  and 
there  is  no  reason  why  they  shouldn’t-,  as  the 
land  is  fertile  and  impregnated  with  lime,  his 
heirs — and  there  are  only  three  living — would  be 
worth  altogether  200,000,000  dols.  It  like  Johnny 
Apple-seed,  who  planted  thousands  of  apple  trees 
in  the  North-West,  he  had  planted  all  the  worn- 
cut  fields  in  Tennessee  with  walnuts,  it  would  be 
the  richest  Siate  in  the  Union  by  far. — P.  M. 
Budget,  June  16th. 
Tea  in  Yokohama. — The  Japan  Weekly  Mail  of 
March  20th  says. — According  to  the  jS'icld  A'iclri 
Shimbun  the  quantity  ol  tea  sent  to  Yrkobama  from  all 
parts  of  Japan  during  1891  was  289,610  parcels  cf 
which  24,195,100  catties  wcie  sold,  22,986,780  catties 
being  exported.  The  provinces  from  which  the  tea 
w;a-i  sent  were  Enehu,  63,055  parcels  ; Seislru,  52.019 
parcels;  Shimofft,  30,145  parcels;  Busbu,  15,870 
parrels;  Mho,  10,107  parcels  ; Jo6hu,6S88;  EcJbigo; 
3,312;  Cbikngo,  2 988;  Kszuea,  £85;  Sanshu,  780  , 
Iga,  673;  Izti,  4(j9  ; Gcshu,  386  ; YTmashiro, 
295;  Toea,  268;  Eizer,  252;  Owari,  239  ; Setzu, 
279;  Bida,  176;  SosLu,  71;  8hhbn,  43;  Sbi- 
motsnke,  37  ; Yamato,  21  ; Cbikuzen,  19  , Elchu, 
10;  Kozuke,  7 ; Rishu,  6,  and  Iwashirr,!.  Tbe  same 
journal  gives  the  following  list  of  tie  quantities 
exported  by  the  various  firms  in  Yokohama:  — 
Catties 
No.  33,  Mestrs.  Mourilyen,  Heiman  & Co. ...4,206, 000 
No.  178,  Messrs.  Smith,  Bakir&  Co 3 411,000 
No.  211,  Messis.  Hunt  & Cr. ........ 3, SCO, 000 
No.  48,  Messrs.  Molt  icon  & Co ..2,048,000 
No.  143,  Messrs.  Fraser,  Far'ey  it  Co 2.045,8CO 
No.  210,  Messis.  Hel  ye  & Co ...1,593,000 
No.  265  Messrs.  C.  A.  Tow  & Co 1,463,500 
No.  221,  Messre.  C ornes  & Co 1,401,500 
No.  1 , Messrs.  Jardice,  Matbet  on  & Oo 1,273,500 
No,  22,  M-  ssrs.  Middleton  & Oo 1,129,500 
No.  226,  Messrs.  Jo  n Duncan  & Co 9, 122, COO 
{ No.  128,  Messrs.  Otto  Burners  & Co SlS.nUO 
i No.  2,  Messrs.  Walsh  Hall  & Co 345, Of  0 
i No.  175.  Messrs.  Fsvre  lfi'wsdt, , 27,7uO 
