264 
THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTURIST. 
[Oct.  r,  1892. 
that  barks  of  fair  qaulity  realised  a slight  advance, 
while  the  poorer  kinds  remained  stationary.  The  aver- 
age unit  remains  13-16ths  per  lb. 
The  following  are  the  approximate  quantities  purchased 
by  the  principal  buyers  : - 
Lb. 
Agents  for  the  Brunswick  factory  ...  ...  79,637 
Agents  for  the  Mannheim  and  Amsterdam  works  40,239 
Messrs.  Howard  & Sons  ...  ...  36,684 
Agents  for  the  Frankfort  and  Stuttgart  works...  35,805 
Agents  for  the  Auerbach  factory  ...  ...  30,810 
Agents  for  French  (Paris)  fac'ory  ...  ...  li,233 
Agents  for  the  American  and  Italian  works  ...  it, 112 
Sundry  druggists  ...  ...  21,391 
Total  quantity  sold  ...  ...  269,911 
Bought  in  or  withdrawn  ...  ...  7J,440 
Total  quantity  offered  ...  ...  341,351 
It  should  be  well  understood  that  the  quantity  of 
bark  purchased  affords  very  little  clue  to  the  quantity 
of  sulphate  of  quinine  represented  by  the  purchases  of 
each  firm.  The  following  prices  were  paid  for  sound  bvrk 
The  following-  are  the  exports  of' cinchona  bark  from 
Java  during  the  years  ending  June  30th 
Private 
Govt. 
Pl^nta- 
Planta- 
Total 
Itions. 
tions. 
Amsrer- 
Amster- 
Amster- 
dam 
dam 
dam 
fib. 
lb. 
lb. 
July  1,  1891  to  June  30, 
1892.. .7,1 81,075 
605,792 
7,786,867 
’90 
’91.  ..6,323,561 
553,255 
6,876,816 
..  ’89 
’90  ..4,579,787 
541,481 
5,101,268 
..  ’88 
’89. ..3, 599, 525 
815,500 
4,415.031 
„ >87 
’88. ..3, 124,924 
617,101 
3,742,025 
THE  DUTCH  MARKET. 
Amsterdam,  Aug.  12. 
All  the  analyses  for  the  cinchona-bark  sales  on 
August  25th  have  now  been  published.  The  manu- 
facturing bark  contains  about  18£  tons  sulphate  of 
quinine,  or  4’63  per  cent  on  the  average.  Ab"Ut  I 
ton  contains  0-1.  2 tons  1-2.  41  tons  2-3,  117  tons 
3-4,  127  tons  4-5,  60  tons  5-6,  17  tons  6-7,  20  tons 
7-8,  4 tons  9-10,  1 ton  11-12,  9 tons  12-13  per  c-nt 
sulphate  of  quinine. — Chemist  and  Druggist. 
GENERAL  NOTES. 
Fbuit  Growing  in  Ceylon.  — Udapusstliawa 
is  noted  for  its  genial  climate ; but  Mr.  PclEon  of 
Alnwick  estate  has  surprised  us  by  a prevent  of 
mangoes  grown  at  an  altitude  of  at  least  4,000  feet. 
The  orange-yellow-ooloured  fruits  strongly  resemble 
“Bombay”  mangoes,  and  in  one  of  whhh  we  par- 
took we  notioed  that  elevation  (we  suppose)  had 
eliminated  the  terebinthine  flavour,  and  there  being 
not  trace  of  stringiness,  the  flesh  tasted  more  like 
that  of  pear  or  apple  than  mango.  With  the 
mangoes  oame  seme  baking  pears  wbioh  when  well 
stewed  are  delicious ; also  Borne  excellent  oranges  of 
the  ordinary  kind  with  golden  yellow  skins  and  the 
loose-jacketed  variety  known  popularly  as  “manda- 
rins.” With  proper  attention  the  culture  of  many 
varieties  of  excellent  fruit  ought  to  succeed  in 
CeyloD,  some  in  one  of  its  many  climates  and 
some  in  others. 
Fruit  Culture  in  Travancore: — The  Western 
Star  says  : — “The  Simla  Fruit-Culture  Committee  has 
recommended  the  appointment  of  an  Inspector  of 
orchards.”  Such  is  the  telegram  that  appears  in  the 
Madras  Mail  of  the  18th  instant ; and  that  paper 
had  on  the  same  day,  a long  leader  on  the  subject 
advocating  the  extension  of  fruit  culture,  and  giving 
some  interesting  details  connected  with  the  industry. 
In  our  articles  on  “Railways  for  Travancore”  a 
fortnight  ago,  we  stated  that  for  want  of  railway 
communication  “much  of  the  chief  product  in 
Travancore  in  the  shape  of  vast  quantities  of  fruit, 
are  so  to  speak,  thrown  away,  in  the  absence  of  a 
convenient  and  appreciative  market.”  To  the 
cultivator  of  fruit-trees  in  Travancore  and  Cochin, 
the  coconut  is  the  only  one  that  yields  a profitable 
return  now.  In  estimating  the  returns  made  by  a 
coconut  plantation,  the  sale  of  the  ripe  fruit,  and 
in  its  prepared  state  as  coppra  is  not  everything ; 
there  are  the  cadjans  made  from  good  leaves,  then 
the  brooms  made  from  leaves  partially  eaten  by  the 
destructive  coconut  beetle,  then  there  is  coir  fibre 
for  which  there  is  always  a great  demand  and 
lastly,  the  fuel  yielded  by  the  tree  which  is 
considerable  in  amount.  A flourishing  plantation 
on  the  Sea  Coast  will  yield  a clear  profit  of  R2 
a year  a tree,  but  this  is  only  for  a few  years, 
after  which  1£  rupees  a year  may  safely  be  counted 
upon  for  50  or  60  years.  The  villages  immediately 
< n the  sea  coa9t  give  themselvi  s up  entirely  to  coco- 
nut cultivation,  whereas  the  ryots  in  the  interior, 
wbe  e the  trees  do  not  thrive  nearly  as  well,  plant 
lhe  Mango,  Jack,  Plantain,  Anjelly.  Laurel,  Sapodilla, 
Brevdfmit,  Pineapple,  Cachewnut,  Guavas,  &c.  Many 
of  the  peasantry,  daring  the  fruit  season  exist  wholly 
on  fruit.  Jack  Iruit,  in  its  green  state  is  cooked  in 
an  infinite  variety  of  ways,  and  is  with  many  a 
stap'e  form  of  diet.  We  have  purchased  juicy  pine- 
apples in  the  season  at  a little  over  a pie  aod  a 
half  eaob,  and  a hundred  Goa  mangoes  for  2 annas. 
There  is  no  reason  why,  if  a market  were  secured 
and  communication  made  easy  aod  rapid,  an  essential 
thing  where  a perishable  commodity  like  fruit  is  con- 
cerned, that  Travanoore  should  not  take  a front 
rank  as  a fruit-producing  centre.  A form  of  industry 
that  would  return  handsome  profit  is  the  manu- 
facture, and  exportation  of  the  plantain  fruit  in  its 
dried  form.  We  have  eaten  preserved  dried  plan- 
tains equal  to  the  best  dried  fruit  of  European  manu- 
facture. Careful  housewives  preserve  the  plantains 
in  this  manner  in  Travancore,  and  use  it  as  dainty, 
and  there  appears,  to  us,  to  be  every  facility  for  the 
development  of  the  enterprise ; and  energy  and 
capital,  are  all  that  are  needed. 
Coffee  in  British  North  Borneo.— Liberian  ooffee 
was  first  experimented  with  in  Silam,  and  during  tho 
time  Mr.  F.  G Callaghan,  the  present  Resident  of 
Labuan,  presided  over  the  distriot  of  Darvel  Bay, 
Silam  Coffee  was  sola  and  eagerly  bou,ht  in  the 
Sandakan  markets.  Mr.  Christian’s  ooffee  estate 
also  at  Kudat,  though  also  cn  a email  scale, 
thorough'y  proved  the  fact  that  Liberian  ooffee 
otn  grow  and  flourish  luxuriantly  in  this  country. 
Coffee  (states  are  now  being  oppned  up  in  both 
Ssndrkan  and  Marudu  Bays, — B.  H.  B.  Herald. 
Graphite  (Plumbago)  as  a Lubricant  for 
Machinery  is  thus  noticed  in  tho  Louisiana  Plan- 
ter and  Sugar  Manufacturer  ; — 
The  Joseph  D xon  Cruoible  Co.,  which  advertises 
its  graphite  goods  in  this  journal,  enoloses  us  the 
subjoined  letter  of  a correspondent  to  The  American 
Machinist,  wherein  the  great  merit  of  graphite  is  well 
stated  : 
If  engineers,  machinists  and  millwrights  in  general 
and  pipe  fitters  in  particular  knew  of  the  good  quali- 
ties of  graphite,  I dare  say  there  would  be  ten  times 
the  demand  for  i . Its  lubricating  qualities  are  ques- 
tioned only  by  the  impractical,  aod  it  is  this  quality 
alone  that  sounds  its  key  note,  so  to  speak.  Let  me 
describe  a few  of  what  I consider  its  most  important 
uses.  As  above  state  1,  its  primary  object  is  lubrica- 
tion, and  it  is  to  this  faot  we  must  credit  good  pipe 
joints  and  cool  bearings.  In  making  pipe  cement  (or 
as  I would  term  it,  pipe  smear),  it  is  not  necessary 
to  use  tho  best  oil  or  grease,  as  it  is  tho  graphite,  and 
not  the  body  in  which  it  is  suspended,  that  makes  the 
mixture  valuable  and  the  jo’nt  perfect.  I use  the 
drippings  from  the  shaft-bearings,  caught  in  the  ordi- 
nary way,  and  mix  it  with  the  best  Ttoonderoga  flake 
graphite  so  that  it  can  be  applied  with  an  ordinary 
sash  tool. 
D.irmg  the  past  three  years  I have  used  about  fifteen 
or  twenty  pounds  of  dry  Tioonderoga  flake  graphite  for 
pipe  joints,  cylinder  heads,  piston  rod  packing,  etc. 
Bolts  smeared  with  graphite  mixed  as  above,  I have 
unscrewed  after  having  been  in  the  dampest  places 
for  upward  of  two  years  or  more,  proving  the  anti- 
rustii  g qualities  of  graphite.  To  cool  hot  bearings, 
put  it  ou  as  thick  as  it  will  mix  with  oil. 
Almost  any  oil  or  grease  will  answer,  but  don’t  ueo 
poor  graphite. 
