Oct.  x,  1892.] 
THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTURIST. 
279 
select  varieties  has  rarely  occurred.  Apples  are 
email  and  acid  or  bitter.  Pears  ( Pyrus  sinensis?)  ace 
usually  round,  like  apple5,  juicy  and  swee^,  but  hard  aud 
ccarse.  Tbe  Ham-lieung  pears  are  exceptionally  good. 
A few  that  I bought  on  the  road  between  Puk- 
ch‘ong  and  Ham-heung  were  shaped  like  English 
‘William  ’ pears  and  almost  equalled  them  in  flavour; 
they  were  the  only  evidence  I noticed  in  the  country 
of  a fruit  being  improved  to  anything  approaching 
a European  form  by  selection  and  cultivation. 
“A  dwarf  variety  of  orange  grows,  the  Koreans 
say,  on  Quelpart  Island,  but  not  on  the  mainland. 
Grapes  ( Vitis  vinifera ) are  small,  thick-skinned,  and 
harsh  in  taste.  The  vine  grows  readily  in  warm 
situations  as  far  north  as  Soul,  yet  very  little  seems 
to  be  cultivated.  Peaches,  apricots,  plums  of  two 
or  three  kinds,  cherries,  and  ‘jujubes’  Zizyplius  valqaris), 
are  common  stone-fruit.  Berries  rarely  appear  to 
be  grown  for  food.  The  fruit  of  brambles  (Rubus), 
the  gooseberry-like  product  of  an  Actinidia,  the  Cape 
gooseberry  and  mulberries  are  eaten  ; and  walnuts, 
chestunts,  and  seeds  of  pine,  lotus,  and  Salisburia 
adiantfiolia,  are  always  exposed  for  sale  in  the  mar- 
kets.— L.  and  C.  Express,  Aug.  19th. 
THE  COFFEE-PLANTING  ENTERPRISE  IN 
SELANGOR. 
The  Colleotor  of  Land  Revenue  (Mr.  L.  P.  Ebden) 
reports  as  follows  : — 
The  most  encouraging  feature  in  the  progress 
of  the  District  during  the  past  year  is  to  be  seen 
in  the  development  of  coffee-planting  enterprise. 
Particulars  are  shewn  in  the  following  table : — 
. , rrj 
2 ,2  ON  10O 
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9 c3  *5  ^ .03 
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33m 
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£ 
I have  reoently  reoeived  complaints  from  various 
planters  who  hold  their  land  under  the  Land  Re- 
gulations 1882,  respecting  the  outting  of  timber 
on  their  estates  by  the  holders  of  ordinary  timber 
passes.  It  was,  I believe,  formerly  held  that 
special  permission  was  required  for  the  felling  of 
timber  on  alienated  land  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  Section  3,  Sub-seotion  2,  of  the  old 
Regulations,  The  Court  however,  has  decided 
otherwise.  This  is  a source  of  great  inconvenience 
to  the  coffee  planter,  not  only  beoause  it  is  de- 
sirable for  the  sake  of  the  soil  that  the  timber 
Bhould  be  where  it  falls,  but  also  on  aooount 
of  the  difficulty  of  eradicating  the  brushwood 
which  springs  up  immediately  after  the  clearing 
of  the  jungle.  I think  it  desirable  that  the  Go- 
vernment should  reserve  the  power  to  confer 
the  right  of  timber  felling  on  alienated  land 
uncultivated,  but  this  right  should  be  allowed 
to  be  exercised  only  in  virtue  of  speoial  permis- 
sion. Coffee  planting  under  European  supervision 
is  an  industry  which  it  is  most  expedient  to  en- 
courage, and  while  planters  comply  with  the  condi- 
tions of  their  grants  they  should  be  encouraged  in 
every  possible  way.  If  they  fail  to  do  so,  it  is  better 
to  forfeit  their  land  altogether  than  to  punish  them 
by  allowing  indiscriminate  timber  outting  thereon. 
I may  mention  that  a Ceylon  planter,  Mr.  E.  V. 
Carey,  has  applied  for  1,000  acres  of  land  for  plant- 
ing coffee,  which  there  seems  to  be  every  prospeot 
of  his  taking  up,  and  that  a permit  has  already 
been  prepared  for  the  same. 
999  pikuls  84  oatties  of  ooffee  were  exported  from 
Klang  during  the  past  year,  the  total  value  of  the 
same  being  $24,424-85.— Selangor  Gazette. 
-4- 
CONSULAR  REPORTS. 
SHANGHAI. 
Exports. 
In  order  to  show  the  changes  that  have  taken 
place  among  the  various  consumers  of  Chinese  produce, 
I nppend  a comparative  table  o-f  the  distribution 
of  the  export  trade  for  1881  and  1891: — 
Exported  to 
Great  Britain  ..  Hk.  Tls. 
India 
Singapore  . . 
Australia  . . 
Continent  of  Europe 
United  States  . . 
British  America  . . 
Russian  Manchuria 
Japan 
Other  countries 
Total 
1881. 
12,670,300 
484,171 
562,559 
30,185 
9,782,446 
7,507,574 
17,271 
315,027 
1,127,017 
948,011 
1891. 
9,169,021 
1,560,111 
313,636 
28,865 
14,746,572 
6,285,463 
471,832 
825,084 
4,606,276 
2,002,407 
33,444,461  40,009,267 
It  will  be  observed  that  there  have  been  consider- 
able changes  during  the  ten  years.  In  particular  the 
Continent  of  Europe  takes  a great  deal  more  directly, 
aud  great  Britain  takes  a great  deal  less. 
This  ie  principally  due  to  the  fact  that  ever  since 
the  opening  of  the  Suez  Canal,  the  tendency  of 
trade  has  been  to  divert  that  portion  of  it  meant 
for  Continental  markets  to  one  or  other  of  the 
Med't  rranan  ports,  instead  of  goiog,  as  it  used  to 
do,  nrst  to  London  for  re-distribution.  When  all  the 
cargoes  went  round  the  Cape,  London  lay  practically 
on  the  direct  geographical  route,  between  the  East 
and  the  Continent. 
But  that  is  no  longer  so,  and  the  Mediterranean 
ports,  such  as  Marseilles  and  Genoa,  must  necessa- 
rily attract  all  cargo  destined  for  the  southern  half 
of  Europe.  The  several  new  liues  of  steamers,  which 
within  reoent  years  have  begun  to  run  between 
China  and  the  Continental  porte,  still  further  enhanoe 
this  tendency. 
India  has  trebled  her  requirements,  and  is  now 
a customer  of  Chinese  produce  to  the  extent  of 
100,600,000,*  but  ber  purchases  are  but  a sorry  set  off 
against  the  large  bill  which  she  has  against  China  for 
opium  and  cotton  yarn,  the  former  being  some 
12,600,000  taels,  and  the  latter  nearly  10,000,000  taels. 
Japan  has  increased  her  requirements  from  1,227,000 
taels  to  4,606,000  taels,  the  greater  part  of  which  is 
for  Chinese  ootton  supply  her  mills  in  Osaka.  Her 
debtor  and  creditor  about  balances. 
* 7 See  figures  above.— Ed.  L.  # C.  Ex. 
