Nov.  i,  1892.] 
THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTURIST. 
357 
With  reference  to  the  specification  of  the  Triple 
Action  roller  filed  in  the  Ceylon  Patent  Office,  and  con- 
sidered as  part  of  the  evidence,  despite  the  objection  of 
Appellants’  Counsel,  the  Appellants  would  submit  as 
before  that  the  issue  iB  not  what  they  have  said  or 
written,  but  what  they  have  done  to  the  effect  of  in- 
fringing the  Plaintiff's  patent,  and  that  the  specifica- 
tion, at  best  admissible  in  evidence  only  for  purposes 
of  prejudice,  is  so  admissible  only  when  it  is  an  abso- 
lutely true  description  of  the  machine  that  is  said  to 
infringe,  and  that  with  reference  to  this  specification 
the  Appellants  have  pointed  out  the  clerical  error 
whioh  has  rendered  it  an  erroneous  description  of  their 
machine.  The  proof  that  the  word  “by”  is  a mis- 
print for  “ of”  will  be  found  in  the  preamble  of  the 
1st  Defendant’s  specification,  where  it  is  stated  that 
the  leaf  is  rolled  or  twisted  by  the  combined  action  of 
the  table,  the  hollow  oylinder,  and  the  lid,  all  of  whioh 
have  motion  diiectly  imparted  to  them. 
Lastly,  with  reference  to  the  finding  of  the  District 
Judge,  viz  ' “ As  the  Excelsior  was  an  improvement 
on  the  Standard,  so  the  Triple  Action  roller  is  an  im- 
provement on  the  Excelsior,  and  is  decidedly  a far  more 
efficient  and  satisfactory  machine,”  the  appellants 
would  beg  to  suggest  that  the  D.  J.  intended  to  con- 
vey not  that  the  first  defeudant  had  added  improve- 
ment’s to  the  peculiar  means  of  transmitting  motion 
to  the  upper  rolling  surfaces  which  the  plaintiff  had 
patented,  but  that  (both  the  plaintiff  and  the  first 
defendant  working  on  what  was  admittedly  public 
property,  viz.  the  rolling  of  leaf  contained  in  a box 
between  two  superposed  plates)  the  improvements 
possessed  by  the  Triple  Action  roller  were  greater, 
more  useful,  and  more  advanced  than  the  improve- 
ments possessed  by  the  plaintiff’s  Excelsior  roller  over 
the  Standard  machine. 
Your  petitioners  therefore  pray 
1.  Fur  a certificate  in  terms  of  section  781  of  the 
Civil  Procedure  Code,  to  the  effect  that  the  present 
case  in  value  and  nature  fulfils  the  requirements  of 
section  42  of  the  Courts  Ordinance  1889,  or  that  it 
is  otherwise  a fit  one  for  appeal  to  Her  Majesty  in 
Council. 
2.  That  upon  grant  of  such  certificate  and  upon 
security  being  duly  given  for  the  costs  of  the  res- 
pondents the  judgment  of  the  Supreme  Court,  dated 
the  13th  day  of  Sept.  1892,  be  brought  before  your 
Hon.  Court  colleotively  by  way  of  review,  and  that 
the  judgment  of  the  Distriot  Court  of  Colombo,  dated 
the  2nd  of  May,  1892,  be  restored  and  confirmed. 
3.  For  his  costs  in  this  behalf  incurred,  and  for 
such  other  reliefs  as  to  your  Honorable  Court  shall 
seem  meet. 
Settled  by  Messrs,  D.  F.  Browne  and  F.  Dornhorst, 
Advocates. 
(Signed)  Hector  Yan  Coylenburg, 
Proctor  for  Defendants-Appellants. 
— -e> 
BARK  AND  DRUG  REPORT. 
(From  the  Chemist  and  Druggist.) 
London,  Oct. 
6. 
Cinchona.— The  auctions  held  hero  on  Tuesday  were 
very  small  in  extent,  and  consisted  principally  of  Ceylon 
bark.  The  catalogues  compri-ed 
Pkgs.  Pkgs. 
Ceylon  cinchona 
East  Indian  cinchona 
Java  cinchona 
West  Atrican  cinchona 
South  American  cinchona 
987  of  which  804  were  sold 
74  do  74  do 
30  do  30  do 
277  do  277  do 
456  do  200  do 
1,824  1,385 
The  assortment  was  very  poor ; no  yellow,  and  few 
grey  barks  of  Eastern  growth,  being  offered,  bat  there 
were  some  very  fine  parcels  of  red  chips  and  shavings, 
both  original  and  renewed,  from  Ceylon.  At  first  the 
prices  appeared  to  chow  a lower  tendency,  but  the 
competition  gradually  improved,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  sales  the  unit  was  practically  equal  to  tbat  of  the 
previous  auctions,  and  slightly  above  the  average  at  last 
week’s  Amsterdam  sales.  It  may  therefore  be  placed  at 
ljd  all  round. 
The  approximate  quantities  purchased  by  the  prin- 
cipal buyers  were 
Lbs. 
Agents  for  the  Mannheim  and  Amsterdam  works  164,185 
Agents  for  the  Auerbach  works  50,90 
Agents  for  the  Frankfort  o/M.  and  Stuttgart 
works  ....  47,148 
Messrs.  IIowards  & Sons  18,214 
Agents  for  the  American  and  Italian  works  12.665 
Agents  for  the  Brunswick  works  ....  8,940 
Sundry  druggists,  &c.  ....  24,160 
Total  quantity  sold  326,272 
Bought  in  or  withdrawn  20,660 
Total  amount  of  bark  offered  346,932 
Essential  OiL.— Lemon-grass  oil  is  quiet  at  ljd  per 
oz  on  the  spot;  for  arrival  there  are  buyers  at  Jjd 
“c.i.f.”  terms. 

NOTES  FROM  SOUTH-EAST  WYNAAD. 
There  is  now  so  much  life  and  hope  among  the 
planters  in  S,-E.  Wynaad,  that  a few  words  as  to  what 
I saw  and  heard,  during  a run  through  the  district 
will,  I think,  be  interesting. 
First,  as  to  the  old  staple,  coffee.  Leaf  disease  is 
much  less  virulent  than  of  old  ; there  was  a great 
improvement  in  this  respect  last  y ear,  and  it  is  even 
much  less  this  season.  There  are  great  discussions  as 
to  the  cause  of  this.  It  is  asserted  by  some  that  the 
improved  cultivation  is  quite  sufficient  to  account  lor 
the  improvement  in  the  heaithiuess  of  the  trees.  A 
leading  planter  declared  his  opinion  that  leaf  disease 
is  earned  by  the  earth-bound  diseased  condition  of  the 
coffee  roots,  and  is  not  climatic  in  any  way.*  He 
believes  that  if  the  soil  had  always  been  dug  up  among 
the  tiees  thoroughly,  there  would  never  have  been 
much  damage  from  disease.  However,  there  is  very 
much  less  damage  from  leaf  this  year,  and  last 
year,  even  where  digging  of  the  soil  has  not  yet 
been  attempted  ; and  the  general  opiuion  is  that 
the  disease  is  wearing  itself  out,  and  the  improved 
cultivation  is  the  outcome  of  greater  confidence,  from 
the  improved  appearance  of  the  trees. 
Stirring  up  of  the  soil  is  now  generally  carried  out, 
though  in  many  uiffereut  forms.  Deep  renovation 
pits  cut  close  t©  the  Btem  of  the  tree,  three  feet 
by  two  feet,  and  two  feet  deep,  cutting  off  all  the 
principal  lateral  radical  roots,  turning  sub-soil  to 
surface,  the  pit  being  filled  up,  with  pruuiugs, 
weeds  and  surface  soil  to  supply  food  to  the  young 
spougiole  feeling  roots  that  start  from  all  the  old 
cut  roots.  I saw  one  amazing  change  in  an  old 
estate  that  two  years  or  so  ago  seemed  hopeless  from 
leaf  disease;  the  trees  were  there,  and  the  soil 
splendid,  one  of  these  big  pits  to  every  tree  has 
made  a now  place  of  it  again.  'They  are  now 
granted  trees  full  of  wood  and  crop.  Elsewhere  con- 
tinuous trenches  two  feet  deep  were  dug  acrosB  the 
hill  siue  between  every  alternate  row  of  trees,  but  as 
these  trenchts  could  not  be  filled  up  soon  enough,  and 
remainta  open  during  last  season’s  hot  weather,  sub- 
ject to  a drought  of  151  days,  the  improvement  has 
not  yet  been  been  marked,  the  trees  only  now  beginning 
to  feel  the  benefit  and  make  root,  though  on  another 
Tea  estate,  where  with  pruniugs  aud  manure  the 
trenches  were  at  once  filled  up,  the  improvement  is 
most  striking.  Another  planter  is  digging  deep  trenches 
three  feet  wide  by  two  deep  between  all  the  rows  of 
trees,  not  across  the  hill  side,  filling  up  at  once  with 
weeds  and  soil  ; others  are  digging  up  the  whole  soil 
eighteen  inches  deep  to  wi  hiu  a foot  or  less  of  the 
tree  stems,  others  again  are  only  digging  nine  to 
twelve  inches,  while  some  are  loosening  the  soil 
with  forks  iuto  big  clods.  Others  again  are  making 
eighteen  inch  pits  in  the  centre  uf  lour  trees,  and 
Borne  are  making  deep  pits  three  fe  t cube,  and 
spreading  the  dug  up  soil  over  the  a joining  surf  ce, 
* This  opinion  was  prevalent  in  C ylon  above  timej 
but  experience  falsified  it.  The  better  the  soil  and 
the  stronger  the  bushes  the  greater,  no  doubt,  the 
power  of  resistance,  and  those  which  have  survived  in 
Southern  India  cannot  but  benefit  by  the  cultural 
operations  described ; some  of  which  would  be  equally 
beneficial  in  the  case  of  tea. — Ed,  T.A, 
