420 
THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTURIST. 
[Dec.  i,  1892. 
presence  of  organic  matter  and  in  the  change 
oxygen  is  energetically  evolved.  The  ease  with 
which  chromic  acid  parts  with  some  of  its  oxygen 
and  becomes  reduced  to  the  green  sesqui-oxide, 
constitutes  its  value  as  a bleaching  agent — 
bleaching  as  it  does  by  oxidation.  It  is  largely 
employed  in  the  arts  in  calico  printing,  bleaching 
of  textile  fabrics,  tallow,  oils,  Ac.  Chromic  acid 
has,  however,  rather  fallen  into  disuse,  at  any 
rate  so  far  as  textile  fabrics  are  concerned. 
I may  here  mention  that  there  are  many 
chemicals  which  have  the  property  of  extracting 
and  precipitating  colouring  matters,  such  as 
sulphuric  acid  in  the  case  of  oils,  phosphoric 
acid  in  sugar  refining  and  the  like,  but  here 
there  is  no  true  chemical  bleaching  action.  Again, 
chlorate  and  manganates,  which  easily  part  with 
their  oxygen,  have  also  been  proposed  as  bleaching 
agents,  but  have  never  been  accepted  with  favour. 
I have  thus  endeavoured  to  bring  before  your 
notice,  in  as  general  a manner  as  possible,  the 
most  important  bleaching  agents,  and  to  explain 
the  manner  in  which  they  exert  their  bleaching 
action.  There  are  of  course  many  modern 
patent  preparations  that  have  been  offered  to 
the  public  as  “bleachers,”  but  these,  if  their 
composition  be  made  known  will  most  probably 
be  found  in  every  case  to  owe  their  action  as 
such  to  one  or  other  of  the  chemical  agents  I 
have  mentioned.  Here  for  instance  is  the 
description  of  a preparation  made  known  within 
the  last  few  months,  and  called 
Ozonine. — A new  product,  called  ozonine,  appears 
to  be  destined  to  render  service  in  the  bleaching 
industries.  In  the  proportion  of  15  grains  to 
a quart  of  water,  the  product  acts  energetically 
upon  fibres,  wood,  straw,  cork,  and  paper,  as 
well  as  upon  solutions  of  gum  and  upon  soap, 
and  the  effect  of  the  bleaching  is  identical  in  acid 
and  alkaline  solutions.  The  product  is  obtained 
in  the  following  manner : — 125  parts  of  resin  are 
dissolved  in  200  parts  of  oil  of  turpentine,  and 
to  this  is  added  a solution  of  25  parts  of  hydrate 
of  potassa  in  40  parts  of  water  and  90  parts 
of  peroxide  of  hydrogen.  The  jelly  obtained,  on 
exposure  to  the  light,  changes  in  two  or  three 
days  into  a clear  fluid,  to  which  the  name  of 
ozonine  has  been  given. 
And  this  brings  the  consideration  of  my  subject 
to  a close,  and  I trust  it  has  proved  of  some  little 
interest  to  you.  A knowledge  of  the  science  of 
such  processes  as  bleaching,  whether  in  this  case 
it  will  merely  help  you  to  understand  the  action 
of  the  sun  and  air  upon  the  linen  laid  upon  the 
grass  or  hung  upon  the  line,  or  whether 
it  will  go  further  and  aid  you  in  discovering  the 
best  means  of  bringing  into  a more  marketable 
form  our  fibres  and  paper-making  materials, 
oils,  and  wax,  and  other  substances  that  are 
capable  of  being  bleached  by  any  one  of  the 
agents  I have  indicated,  and  whose  action  I have 
attempted  to  explain,  I say  such  knowledge  is 
never  useless,  and  if  I have  been  instrumental 
in  adding  in  the  smallest  degree  to  your  stock 
of  technical  knowledge,  I shall  be  perfectly 
satisfied  with  myself  this  evening. 
<$» ' 
THE  TEA  ROLLER  PATENT  CASE. 
LEAVE  TO  APPEAL  TO  PRIVY  COUNCIL 
REFUSED. 
Today  (Nov.  25th.)  Chief  Justice  Burnside  delivered 
the  following  judgment  in  the  tea  roller  patent  case, 
Jackson  v.  Brown  and  the  Colombo  Commercial  Co., 
refusing  the  defendants’  application  for  a certificate 
preparatory  to  the  bearing  of  the  case  in  review  and 
to  leave  being  granted  to  appeal  to  the  Privy  Council. 
Mr,  Justice  Lawrie  concurred. 
This  was  an  application  by  the  defendants  praying 
for  a certificate  under  the  781st  sect,  of  the  Civil 
Procedure  Code  for  bearing  in  review  previous  to 
appeal  to  Her  Majesty  in  Council.  The  plaintiff 
showed  cause  against  the  granting  of  the  certificate. 
The  action  is  in  the  District  Court  of  Colombo 
by  the  plaintiff  against  the  defendants’  alleging  an  in- 
fringement of  a patent  and  the  prayer  was  for  (1) 
an  injunction  to  restrain  the  infringement  ; (2) 
for  an  account  of  all  gains  and  profits  derived  by  defen- 
dants from  importing  into  use  and  sale  of  infringe- 
ment of  plaintiff’s  patent  and  a decree  for  the  amount 
of  such  gains  or  profits  accruing  from  such  infringe- 
ment ; (3)  for  costs ; and  (4)  for  further  relief.  The 
defendants  traversed  the  infringement,  and  at  the 
trial  on  the  merits  in  the  Court  below  the  learned 
District  Judge  dismissed  the  plaintiff’s  action  with 
costs  on  his  finding  of  fact  that  the  defendants  had 
not  infringed  the  plaintiff's  patent,  and  the  plaintiff 
appealed  to  this  Court.  On  the  appeal  the  District 
Judge’s  finding  of  fact  was  reversed  and  the  judg- 
ment of  the  Court  below  was  set  aside,  this  Court 
holding  on  the  facts  that  there  had  been  an  infringe- 
ment by  defendants  of  the  plaintiff's  patent.  The 
following  is 
THE  DECRETAL  ORDER 
which  the  defendants  desire  to  appeal  from  ; —“It  is 
ordered  and  decreed  that  the  decree  made  in  this 
action  by  the  District  Court  of  Colombo  and  dated 
the  2nd  day  of  May  1892  be  and  the  same  is  hereby 
set  aside,  and  in  lieu  thereof  it  is  decreed  and 
declared  that  the  plaintiff  is  entitled  to,  and  it  is 
accordingly  ordered  that  the  said  District  Court 
do  issue  an  injunction  restraining  the  first 
defendant  and  the  second  defendant  company  or 
their  servants,  agents,  or  workmen  severally  from 
importing  into,  using,  selling  or  procuring  to  be  im- 
ported, used  or  sold  in  Ceylon,  any  tea  leaf  rolling 
machine  possessing  the  arrangement  of  transmitting 
motion  to  the  top  rolling  surface  through  the  case  or 
jacket  surrounding  it  as  described  in  the  plaint  and 
in  the  specification  therein  mentioned  and  claimed 
by  the  plaintiff  as  novel  and  original,  and  further 
from  infringing  the  plaintiff’s  grant  of  exclusive 
privilege  and  invention,  in  manner  aforesaid,  and  it 
is  also  further  ordered  and  decreed  that  the  case  be 
and  the  same  is  hereby  remitted  to  the  said  District 
Court  in  order  that  the  District  Judge  may  deal 
with  the  plaintiff’s  prayer  for  an  account  of  all  gains 
aud  profits  derived  by  each  of  the  defendants  from 
the  importing  into  use  and  sale  in  Ceylon  of  tea  leaf 
rolling  machines  infringing  as  aforesaid,  imported 
into  Ceylon  or  used  or  sold  here  by  the  defend- 
ants or  either  of  them  or  by  any  person  or 
persons  by  the  order  or  for  the  use  of  the  defendants 
or  either  of  them,  and  that  thereafter  the  defendants 
be  severally  ordered  to  pay  to  the  plaintiff  the  amount 
of  the  gains  and  profits  so  derived  by  them,  and 
it  is  also  further  ordered  and  decreed  that  the 
defendants  do  pay  the  plaintiff  the  costs  of  this  appeal.” 
By  the  Courts  Ordinance  and  by  the  provisions  of 
the  C.  P.  Code  cl.  63. 
THE  POWER  OF  THIS  COURT  TO  GRANT  LEAVE 
to  appeal  to  the  Privy  Council  is  restricted  to  cases 
in  which  an  appeal  is  sought  against  a party  or 
parties  to  a civil  action— (1)  any  final  judgment,  decree 
i or  sentence  or  against  any  rule  or  order  made  in 
1 any  such  civil  suit  or  action  having  the  effect  of  a 
I final  or  definitive  judgment  decree  or  sentence. 
And  by  sect.  42  sub-sect.  2 of  the  Courts  Ordinance 
j every  such  judgment,  decree,  sentence,  or  order 
! shall  be  given  or  pronounced  for  or  in  respect  of  a 
sum  or  matter  at  issue  above  the  amount  or  value 
! of  R5,000,  or  shall  (2)  involve  directly  or  in- 
' directly  the  title  to  property  or  to  some  civil  right, 
exceeding  the  value  of  R5,000.  it  is  not  possible  to 
! read  the  Courts  Ordinance  and  the  Civil  Code  on 
this  subject  together  without,  I admit,  encountering 
some  if  not  considerable  confusion ; but  I think  it 
is  clear  that  both  provisions  contemplate  that  the 
judgmeut  to  be  appealed  against  must  satisfy  the 
material  repuirements,  which  I have  just  quoted. 
But  whether  it  is  the  judgment  in  review  which 
, is  the  matter  of  appeal  or  the  judgment  reviewed 
