5<64 
THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTURIST.  [March  i,  1893. 
In  these  analyses  of  the  ash  of  Japan  rice,  | 
the  predominance  of  phosphoric  acid  (already  I 
noticed  in  the  chapter  on  soils)  is  conspicuous.  | 
Kellner’s  analyses  of  riee  are  remarkable,  as 
shewing  a much  higher  percentage  of  fat  than 
in  American  or  East  Indian  rice.  They  also 
shew  a higher  percentage  of  fat  than  that 
obtained  by  Kinch  in  Japan  rice,  viz.,  2'0  per 
cent,  but,  as  Kellner’s  analyses  are  of  undressed 
rice,  and  that  of  Kinch  is  of  cleaned  rice,  the 
results  are  not  inconsistent.  Compared  with 
other  cereals,  rice,  other  than  Japan  lice,  is 
very  poor  in  fat.  All  kinds  of  rice  are  also 
deficient  in  nitrogenous  matter.  Rice  is,  how- 
ever, one  of  the  most  digestible  of  grains,  and 
those  people  who  use  it  as  a chief  article  of 
food  have  learned  to  supply  those  constituents 
in  which  it  is  deficient  by  supplementing  rice 
diet  with  vegetable -or  animal  fats,  and  with 
various  leguminous  seeds,  which  are  rich  in 
nitrogen.  Rice  in  the  husk  is  still  poorer  in 
nitrogen  than  cleaned  rice,  hence  the  necessity 
of  supplementing  it  with  gram  as  food  for  horses. 
The  proportion  of  mineral  matter  in  most  kinds 
of  rice  is  also  very  low,  but  it  is  higher  in 
Japan  rice  than  in  the  others.  A glance  at 
the  following  table  of  the  average  composition 
of  cereal  grains  from  the  article  on  “Cereals” 
of  Dir.  R.  Warrington,  F.R.S.,  in  Thorpe’s  “Diction- 
ary of  Applied  Chemistry  ” will  enable  the 
reader  to-  compare  the  chemical  composition  of 
rice  with  that  of  other  cereals.  I also  quote  from 
I the  same  source  a table  of  the  composition  of 
1 the  ash  of  cereal  grains. 
Average  Composition  of  Cereal  Crains.  (Thorpe’s  Dictionary  of 
A P PL  IK  D C H EMI  ST  R Y . ) 
Description  of  Grain. 
Y- 
® y. 
— 7. 
& 
1 
£ ^ ! 
V 
c3 
£ 
||  j 
-+-1  *— 
y:1  ; 
1 
y>  | 
X 
L 
+2 
c3  | 
8—  j 
01  1 
1 
"7  1 
aa 
Rates  of  N i trogen  - 1 
ous  to  non-nitro-l 
genous  substance  | 
Wheat  (European  excluding  Russian)  ... 
208 
1.3-7 
12-3  ! 
1-8 
- 
67-9 
2-5 
1-8 
Konig  chiefly 
1 
5-9 
(American)  mean 
407 
10-2 
12*2 
2-2 
71-7 
1-8 
1-8 
Richardson 
1 
6-3 
,,  highest  p.c. 
— 
12-5 
18-0 
3-6 
78-7 
31 
3-6 
,, 
,,  lowest  p.c. 
— 
7*7 
7*7 
1-4 
64-8 
•4 
•8 
(East  Indian)  
— 
12-5 
13-5 
1-2 
68-4 
2-7 
1-7 
Church 
1 
5"3 
Spelt,  with  husk  ...  ..  ...  ...j 
12 
12-1 
11-0 
2-8 
66-4 
5-5 
2-2 
Konig 
1 
-6-7 
Rye  (European)  ..  ..  
48 
15-0 
11-5 
1-8 
67-9 
2-0 
1-8 
1 
6-3 
,,  (American)  mean  
57 
8-7 
11-3 
1-9 
745 
1-5 
2-1 
Richardson 
1 
7 0 
,,  highest  p.c. 
— 
10-0 
15-6 
2-9 
77 '5 
1-9 
3-7 
,,  lowest  p.c. 
— 
7-0 
S-8 
1 -4 
68-7 
1-1 
1-3 
Oats  (European)  with  husk 
170 
12-3 
10-4 
5-2 
58-0 
111 
30 
Konig  chiefly 
1 
6 8 
.,  (American)  ,,  mean 
100? 
6-4 
10-8 
5-9 
67  "4 
6-3 
3-2 
Richardson 
1 
:7'6 
,,  without  husk  mean 
179 
6-9 
14-3 
8-1 
67-1 
1/4 
2*2 
1 
6-1 
,,  ,,  , , highest  p.c. 
. 
11-1 
19-4 
11-2 
71  9 
2 1 
2 9 
,,  .,  ,.  lowest  p.c. 
— 
4-7 
91 
6 ‘5 
62-8 
•9 
■0 
Barley  (European)  ...  ...  
125 
13-7 
111 
2-2 
65' 
5-3 
2-7 
Konig 
1 
-.6-4 
,,  (Saxon)  ...  ..  
many 
150 
8-4 
1-6 
66-8 
4-6 
3-6 
Marcher 
1 
: 8-4 
.,  (Canadian) 
12 
8-( 
9-8 
2-7 
76  -2 
3-5 
2-8 
Richardson 
1 
8-2 
.,  (United  States)  mean 
60 
6-5 
11-3 
2-7 
72-8 
3-8 
2-9 
1 
70 
,,  highest  p.c. 
— 
9-2 
14-9 
3-5 
76-8 
4-7 
4-4 
,,  lowest  p.c. 
— 
4-5 
8-8 
2-1 
69- 
2-6 
1-5 
,,  without  husk 
15 
6 3 
11-8 
2-7 
75-4 
1-6 
2-2 
1 
: 7-0 
Maize  (European)  
27 
13-3 
9-8 
4-5 
68-4 
2-5 
1-5 
Konig 
1 
8-1 
,,  (American)  mean 
114 
10-: 
10-5 
5-2 
70-7 
21 
1-5 
Richardson 
1 
: 8-1 
,,  highest  p.c. 
— 
15-1 
13-7 
/ '5 
75’7 
3-1 
3-1 
,,  ,,  lowest  p.c. 
Rice  with  husk 
— 
7-4 
7-0 
3-9 
66-0 
•8 
1-0 
1 
9 6 
5 9 
1-8 
72-7 
5-8 
4-2 
Konig 
1: 
13  1 
ltice  cleaned  (American)  ... 
10 
12-4 
7 4 
•4 
79-2 
•2 
•4 
Johnson 
1: 
10-8 
(East  Indian)... 
— 
12-8 
7-3 
•6 
78-3 
-4 
•6 
Church 
1: 
10-9 
(Japanese) 
— 
12-8 
61 
2-0 
73-9 
4-0 
.1-2 
Kinch 
1: 
12-9 
Millet,  Sorghum  vulgare  .. 
— 
12  5 
9-3 
2-0 
72-3 
2-2 
1-7 
Church 
1 
: 8-3 
.,  tartaricum 
7 
11-1 
9-5 
4-2 
71-7 
1-7 
1-8 
Various 
1 
: 8-2 
,,  Panicum  mil liaceum  with  husk  .. 
2 
13-2 
10-2 
3-8 
56-9 
12-8 
31 
1 
: 6-5 
,,  ,,  ,,  without  husk  . 
1 ; 0 
lit 
12-4 
4-7 
65  6 
3-3 
2-4 
Konig  chiefly 
1 
: 6-2 
,,  miliare 
— 
16-2 
91 
3-6 
69-0 
4-6 
3‘r) 
Church 
1 
: 8-6 
,,  frumentaceum 
— 
12 -C 
8-4 
3- 
72-5 
2*2 
1-9 
1 
: 9-5 
,,  colonum  without  husk 
— 
12-f 
9-6 
•6 
74-3 
1 *5 
2-t 
,, 
1 
: 7-9 
,Y  Paspalam  scrolicula'um  with  husk 
11-7 
7-0 
2*] 
77-2 
■7 
1-3 
1: 
11  8 
Pennisetum  typhoideum  with  husk 
— 
ll-:- 
10-4 
3-3 
71  ’5 
1-5 
2-0 
1 
: 7’7 
,.  Setaria  Italica  \\  ithout  husk 
— 
10  2 
10-8 
2-9 
73-4 
1-5 
12 
1 
: 7-5 
Eleusine  coracaua  with  husk 
— 
12-5 
5-9 
■8 
74-6 
3-6 
2-6 
1: 
13- 
,,  ,,  ,,  without  husk  .. 
— 
13-2 
7-3 
1-5 
73-2 
2-5 
2 3 
11 
1: 
10  6 
