June  i,  1893.] 
THE  TROPICAL  AGRICULTURIST. 
791 
to  be  necessary  to  produce  Gambir  in  the  form 
accepted  by  commerce.  I was  obliged  to  use  an 
iron  pan  and  the  Chinese  say  that  in  time  the  iron 
becomes  encrusted  and  ceases  to  blacken  the  drug, 
but  my  samples  suffered.  Bach  boiling  certainly 
became  better  in  color,  but  the  first  samples  that 
went  home  were  damaged  in  appearance.  The  first 
sample  was  taken  without  my  knowledge  by  an  over- 
zealous  friend  who  sent  it  to  London  and  this  is  the 
report Date  of  letter  27th  January  1893  : “ Your 
sample  was  analysed  by  Messrs.  G.  H.  Ogston  and 
Moore  and  we  are  happy  to  inform  you  that  in  spite 
of  its  being  very  mouldy  and  dirty  the  result  of 
the  test  is  eminently  satisfactory.  In  its  present 
moist  condition  it  shows  19’86  per  cent  of  Tannin, 
but  when  properly  dried  and  prepared  as  we  should 
expect  it  to  be  delivered  when  shipped  in  the  ordinary 
way  the  test  shows  as  much  as  27‘85  per  cent  of 
Tannin.  To  show  the  importance  and  value  of  this 
result  we  have  obtained  from  the  above  gentlemen 
a further  analysis  of  a fair  sample  of  No.  1,  Rhio 
Cubes,  such  is  at  present  selling  on  this  market  at  30s 
to  31s  per  cwt.,  and  the  following  is  the  result,  viz : — 
1st  Test 
Borneo  sample. 
No.  1 Rhio  sample. 
Wet 
Tannin  19-86  per  cent 
20'00  per  cent. 
2nd  Test 
Moisture  28-70  ,, 
13-72  „ 
Dry 
Tannin  27'83  ,, 
23-23 
Which  proves  conclusively  that  on  the  ground  of 
strength  the  Borneo  sample  is  all  that  can  be  desired.” 
Since  that  sample  went  home  I have  dispatched  a 
sample  parcel  of  5 cwt.  2q.  21  lb.  of  black  gambir  for 
transmission  to  London  through  agents  in  Singapore 
Who  write:— Date  25th  March  1893.  “ The  quality  we 
are  pleased  to  say  is  pronounced  by  locals  to  be 
good  and  not  inferior  in  any  way  to  Singapore 
gambir  and  we  have  been  offered  for  this  small 
parcel  $7  per  picul,  while  the  market  price  was  only 
however  the  higher  price  is  explained  by  the 
unusual  dryness  of  the  parcel  which,  of  course, 
enhances  its  value.”  In  another  letter  they  say 
“if  compared  with  Singapore  gambir  it  is  a little 
too  dark  coloured  and  too  dry,  but  you  will  no 
doubt  be  able  to  improve  the  next  production 
in  these  respects.”  Now  that  is  not  a bad 
beginning  when  planting  a new  product.  1 could 
easily  improve  the  working  in  the  boiling  house  and 
turn  out  Cube  Gambir  of  a light  colour,  which  would 
be  worth  30s.  as  oompared  with  19s.  per  cwt.  of 
B.'ack  Gambir.  Sandakan  seems  to  ba  the  natural  home 
of  the  Gambir  plant  whioh  grows  wild  all  round 
this  country,  but  the  wild  variety  does  not  appear 
to  yield  the  drug. 
The  Pepper  I planted  is  doing  well  and  has  been 
turned  down  and  will  be  allowed  to  fruit.  Both  pepper 
and  gambir  have  been  handed  over  to  a Obinaman 
■who  is  enlarging  the  garden — a comparatively  easy 
task  dow  that  be  has  stook  to  draw  from. 
I told  yon  Coffee  does  well;  in  1892,  330  acres  were 
planted  and  I believe  as  much  more  will  be  this 
year.  Manila  Hemp  has  been  planted  by  one  Com- 
pany who  report  well  of  it  and  our  great  staple 
Tobacco  seems  to  be  asserting  itself  as  accounts  of 
last  year’s  crop,  which  on  some  of  the  estates  was 
large,  point  to  a high  quality  and  we  hear  that  prioes 
are  going  np.  This  is  very  much  required  if  the 
cultivation  is  to  be  continued  as  it  is  an  expensive  one. 
Trade  is  looking  np  and  the  China  steamer  which 
left  on  the  8th  April  took  away  more  Timber  and 
rattans  than  she  ever  took,  previously!  On  the  West 
Coast  exports  of  Sago , &c.,  have  been  steadily  rising 
and  will  show  up  in  our  published  returns  of  last  year 
and  this.  The  title  of  New  Ceylon  was  bestowed 
npon  us  some  years  ago,  but  I expect  it  will  be 
“Bigger  Ceylon”  before  long.  Coffee  can  be  planted 
over  an  enormous  area  and  so  near  the  sea  that  the 
expense  of  transport  will  be  slight  and  I expect  to 
see  North  Borneo  King  of  Coffee  as  you  are  King 
of  Tea.  We  can  grow  tea  too  ; a Chinaman  at  Kudat 
has  planted  a few  acres  but  unless  the  Chinese 
oome  down  upon  us  in  large  numbers  and  grow  it, 
I do  not  tea  hoiy  we  oau  obtain  suitable  labor,  but 
the  immigration  of  Indian  ooolies  to  Singapore  is  in- 
creasing eaoh  year  and  before  long  they  will ' reaoh 
North  Borneo  and  when  they  do  they  will  find  work 
on  the  Coffee  estates. 
INDIA  TEA  NOTES  AND  NEWS. 
Our  Seleng  Correspondent  writes  on  16th  April 
1893,  as  follows  Had  some  hot  weather  at  last. 
Leaf  coming  away  strong. 
Our  Lallamook  Correspondent  writes  on  16th  April 
1893  : — Two  violent  storms  occurred — one  early  on 
the  9th  and  the  other  at  9-30  o’clock  at  night  of  the 
same  day.  Red  spider  is  spreading  faBt.  Last  year 
thermometer  was  up  to  92  deg.  during  the  day,  but 
this  year  it  has  only  got  up  to  86  deg.  The  highest  at 
night  has  been  68  deg.  as  against  74  deg.  for  the 
corresponding  week  of  last  year.  The  Baboo  in  charge 
of  a small  garden  has  reported  to  his  Manager  that 
the  place  was  so  badly  cut  up  by  hail  on  the  9th  that 
no  leaf  could  be  plucked  for  a month. 
Our  Dam  Dim  Correspondent  writes  on  the  16th 
instant We  have  had  a lot  of  nice  showers  lately, 
as  the  weather  continues  favourable  leaf  prospects 
look  fair. — Indian  Planters'  Gazette. 
CEYLON  EXPORTS  AND  DISTRIBUTION,  1893: 
P’bago 
CO  . 
3S  -s- 
00  £ 
r"*  © 
45981 
6710 
855 
17272 
3049 
1 
"204 
1380 
511 
107427 
... 
liis 
co  in  © co 
co  in  tm 
r-<  r~4  rH  rH 
3 
g" 
i 
1 CM 
Ilf 
p CO  Til  CM  in  ©Hi.©  in  © 
C-  r-~  CM  OS  0 t—  Til  T— < rH 
a-. in©  .-si  • © : ; ; • cm  © © :©in  : ; 
-1  H CO  CO 
co  co  t*  rH 
1 ^ u 
§0  £ 
— i y 
CM  CM  rtf  © rH  — < CO  CD  Hi  COCO 
b-N  O c-*  O CM  m CO  OS  — 09 
; 04  ' —<  © • • J © H © • CO  • ; 
• rH  l r— 1 • • I HI  CO  • © • . 
CM  Cl  IQ  Cl 
tt  Cl  fl  CO 
CO  CO  © c-» 
o 
a 
a 
2 
2 
3 
CM  OOCOOn  O© 
® , 1 — ( O O xH  O CQ  oo 
Q.  j©  ;«5MCD©«J  • • • a • CM  © • o . • a 
© jC  :pH  . © — < TJi  CM  I— < * . • ° » HI  ••••• 
j OO 
os  «e  co  && 
0 0 e*  -4 
r-OCOH 
© co.  t r © 
CM  CM  1— 1 rH 
o 
© , 
© © O © © O © © © © © 
© OOOOOOO  © © O 
10  'ominocoo  f » • cm  0 t « 0 • - « 
0 • cm 0 0 0 — ic m * • © r—t  i :©  : : . 
Xf  « H 00  H « CM  1—4 
CM  1— 1 
© © co  ca 
© >r  Ti*  m 
t4<  ao  00  © 
rH  CO  Ol  -> 
CO  b*  h.  (S 
IT.  © t> 
3 
o 
a 
b 
jQ 
in  Tfi  »n  cm 
10  © Til  rH 
© ; i 0 :::::  <h  : 
OS  1-1  t- 
© co  © in 
CM  © Tfi  S 
ci,  © tji  ao 
00  to  m © 
Cocoa. 
4-» 
* 
© 
p O Tfi  CM  •—  HI  © 
© CO  CM  C1UI  XU® 
n : :;coco;(m  :: 
to  • ......  z . . . z 
r— 1 
CO  © CO  CM 
TH  CO  co  — < 
©©Tfi  © 
t-Olr-  CD 
1-4  f— 1 
a 
D 
H 
CO 
OS 
3:9 
cmoconnoiooo  ©©©coco©©©© 
O OO  © CO  Til  ITS  r—f  00  115C)Ol!»iQH(SiCO 
HfficowxiOHT'o  ;tthi©©co©©hi© 
OCMCMHi©H<«C>©©  • r—f  JJ  ZO  t-»  © CO  © Til  © 
© —ICO  Hi— 1 ©oOTfl  -sji  CMi— I 
05  CM  CM 
© CM 
CM 
OO  t-  GO  CO 
p in  Tj«  co 
co  © in  —1 
CO  O © rH 
TJI  t>  © CH. 
CO  CM  m IT. 
cm— . © at 
CO  « r-| 
d 
a 
0 
2 
o 
2 
3 
y£ 
n m 
» § 
COM 
OS  H 
CO  eo  05 
in  © cm 
© lO  CM 
00  © m 
— < ;cm  ::<m 
>0  CM©  CM 
COHO'S 
CO  OH  © 
CO  04  OS 
© —1  CM  CO 
©CD  CO  t- 
— 1 CM  CM  cn 
% 
y 
y 
o 
'J 
3 
o 
EH 
© t— © in  CO  H CM  CM  © CO  © CM 
CO  HI  CO  © Til  (M  1-1  IftTJIH  fc- 
© © co  • ; ; .iqwh  : 
co  h ....co  . •; 
b-o©  & 
in  © hh  in 
© CO  © rH 
CoINNH 
CM  CM  CO  in 
© 
> 
1 
© © © co 
0 CM  CO  © 
co  m 00  0 
Tjl  -H  O Oi 
HHNb. 
rH  r-f  CO  — 1 
© t'- © © CO  — CM  f>  C5  O ©CM 
co  Tfi  CO  © Til  CM  r-l  CM  pH  CM  t- 
© cm  co  • :• 
CD  Hi  . • • • CM  • : • 
© in  cm  cD 
0 D*  co  © 
00  CM  Ti4  CO 
tDH  HOJ 
CM  CM  CO  CQ 
COUNTRIES. 
a 
bfi 
M C*'  . <3  h s 
d fl  P ^ °‘43 
+•  "S  So  a g a ►*•55  fl 
• CO  CM  rH  O 
O 05  05  © © 
00  © © 
4-S 
® P>» 
is 
s 0 0 0 0 
w| 
3" 
