GRAMINA. 10 
These are introduced plants, and so generally so orer a great part of the world 
tliat it is diflBcult to make out tbeir original type or habitat, but tliey have probably 
travelled from the East to the West, following man as a tUler of the soil wherever he 
extends his localisation for this purpose. The confusion of the species is not greater 
often referred to the same genus. 
Tribe IY.— PHALARIDE.E. 
Spikelets closed during flowering, arranged in a dense cylindrical 
or ovoid spikelike panicle, rarely in a lax open panicle, not unilateral, 
laterally compressed, each containing a single perfect floret, with 1 or 
2 inferior imperfect flowers, either scalelike and neuter, or more 
developed and male. Glumes equal, or the lower one shorter, but 
still very conspicuous, the upper one or both, as long as the florets. 
Pales closed during flowering, the lower one keeled, the upper one of 
the neuter flowers absent. Stamens 3, more rarely 2. Styles long; 
stigmas 2, protruded at the apex of the floret between the tips of the 
pales. Carj'Ops laterally compressed, not furrowed. 
GENUS F///.-HIEROCHLOE. Gmd. 
Spikelets stalked, arranged in a lax open or rarely contracted 
panicle, laterally compressed, biconvex, closed during flowei-ing, each 
containing a single perfect floret, with 2 male florets beneath it. 
Glumes 2, equal, nearly as long as the floret, keeled, shining, denticu- 
late or mucronate at the summit, but not awned, scarious. Pales 2, 
the lower one keeled, parchmentlike, sometimes awned below the 
summit, the upper one of the perfect flower with 1 keel, the upper one 
in the male flower with 2 keels. Lodicules 2, oblong, glabrous. 
Stamens 2 in the perfect, 3 in the male flowers. Styles 2, rather short ; 
stigmas very long, thick, plumose, protruded at the apex of the flower. 
Caryops glabrous, free, oblong, slightly laterally compressed, not fur- 
A genns ao named from two Greek words, Itpic, sacred, and j^4r}j a grass, — lioly 
grasb— on account of its early use to strew in chxurches. 
