184 
ENGLISH BOTANY. 
serrulate on the keel, all empt}^ Fertile spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, 
shorter than the barren spikelets. Glumes of the fertile florets nearly 
equal linear-lanceolate, shortly mucronate. Lower pales of the fertile 
florets lanceolate, acuminate, indistinctly 2 -toothed, scabrous. Awn 
from between the teeth of the pale, and from one-third to one-fourth 
of its length. 
In pastures and meadows and by roadsides, very co:::mon, and 
universally distributed. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer. 
Plant growing in small tufts, with radical leaves 1 to 6 inches long, 
and flowering stems 9 inches to 2^ feet high. Uppermost stem-leaf 
1 to 3 inches long. Panicle 1 to 4 inches long by ~l to | inch broad. 
Barren spikelets ^ to :| inch long. Fertile spikelets -} to I inch long. 
Florets inch long, exclusive of the awn. Pales of both usually 
green, but sometimes tinged with pale purple. Anthers pale purple. 
Florets occasionally \aviparous. 
Crested Dog's-tail-Grass. 
French, djoosure a cr.'te. Gcnnan, Grni^iar, Ka;,u;>r,,-a?. 
This is a common ,£rras9 in dry pastures, often formin2r a consid(«ra]>1e portion of 
tliL- turf on gravelly and chalky soils. It aeldom grows more than 1« im-hos high, 
and in vory dry situations is often not ahove half that size. On dry upland {)a^tun»s 
this grass forms the principal herbage, and being relished by she(']), must 1^' r("j:ar<k'<l 
as one of onr most n-scful kinds: hut upon moist land its produce i. too .n.all to 
recommond it for cultivation. The slender stem of this grass i.-. valuable for making 
hats and bonnets, being superior to any for this purpose. 
Section II PHALOXA. Dumort. 
Panicle ovoid or ovate, contracted. Sterile spikelets destitute of 
glumes ; with the pales acuminate and longly awned. Lower pale of 
the fertile floret with an awn longer than itself. 
SPECIES n.— C Y N OSUBUS ECHINATUS. Lmn. 
Plate MDCCLXXYIL 
Eilrli. Ic. FI. Germ, et Helv. Vol. I. Tab. CXLVHI. Fig. 365. 
BUM, PI. GaU. et Germ. Exsicc No. 1-597. 
Phalona et^hinata, Dnr,u>rt. Agrost Belg. p. 114. 
Chrysurus echinatus, I>al. <U Beam: Agrost, p. 123. Bom. & Schdte^, Syat. Veg. 
Vol n. p. 806. 
Annual. Without root>tock or barren tufts. Flowering stems 
- litary or several and fasciculate, firm, leafy to the apex, or leafless 
