GRAMINA. 137 
wards nearly flat, more or less glaucous. Panicle 2 to 8 inches loDg 
or more in large specimens. Spikelets about } inch long. Florets 
^ inch long, exclusive of the glumes. Lower pale green, or more or 
less tinged with purplish-red. Anthers generally purple, fading to 
brownish-orange. 
In the south and west of Europe there is a small glaucous form 
with involute leaves and a compact semi-cylindrical panicle (D. 
Hispanica, Linn. ), which may occur in the Channel Islands or south- 
west of England. 
Bough CocFs-foot- Grass. 
French, Dactyle agglomere. German, Gemeines Knaiilgraa. 
A yery valuable agricultural grass. Horses, cattle, and sheep eat it with greediness, 
GENUS XXXVIII.^F E S T U C A. Linn. 
Spikelets stalked or subsessile, disposed in a lax and open, or dense 
and contracted panicle, or in a racemose or spikelike and generally 
unilateral panicle, at first cylindrical, afterwards compressed, open 
during flowering, each containing 8 to 12 perfect florets. Glumes 2, 
shorter than the florets, or the larger one nearly equalling them, more 
or less unequal, the lower one sometimes very minute or obsolete, 
keeled, acuminate or acuminate-aristate, scarious or subherbaceous. 
Pales 2, the lower one faintly keeled or rounded on the back, entu-e 
or 2 -toothed, pointed or a-v\Tied, with an excurrent mid-rib, the lateral 
ribs vanishing below the apex, membranous or parchment-like ; upper 
pale acute, 2 -toothed, 2-ribbed, scarious. Lodicules 2, entire or 2- 
lobed. Stamens 3, more rarely 1 or 2. Stigmas 2, sessile or sub- 
sessile, terminal, plumose, protruded at the sides of the flower between 
the basal margins of the pales. Caryops generally adhering to the 
upper pale, glabrous, oblong, convex on the back, concave or fur- 
rowed within. Leaf-sheaths split to the base. 
The name of this genus is derived from the Celtic /est and Latin pascua, signifying 
pasture grasses. 
Section L_-YULPIA. Gmel. 
Panicle contracted, often spike-like or racemose. Lower glume very 
much smaller than the upper oxie, often minute. Lower pale semi- 
cylindrical-subulate, faintly keeled, with a terminal awn longer than 
the pale. Anthers 1, 2, or .3. 
Annuals, with the leaves all setaceous; ligule auricled. 
VOL. XI. T 
