TURDIB2E — TUBBING : THRUSHES. 
245 
and lining of wings pale yellowish-buff, belly white, flanks ashy. A distinct white super- 
ciliary stripe; lower eyelid white. Feathers of jugnluiu and sides with ashy tips; greater 
wing-coverts tipped with whitish; bill yclhnvish, upper mandible and tip of lower tinged 
with dusky; feet pale brown. Wing 5.10; tail 4.10; tarsus 1.20; middle toe and claw 
1.07. Lower California ; resembling a young robin, but quite distinct. 
4. T. ili^acus. (Lat. iliacus, relating to the flanks, which are red. Fig. 113.) Red-winged 
Thrush. Upper parts hair-brown with an olive shade, darker on the head, paler on the 
rump. Wing-quills deep brown; coverts and inner secondaries tippcul with whitish. Tail 
dark brown, the outer feather usually white-tipped. Lore blackish ; eyelids ^i^d superciliary 
stripe whitish; auriculars streaked with light and dark brown. Throat yellowish- white, 
streaked with brownish-black ; breast and belly grayish-white ; lower tail-coverts whitish, 
streaked with brown. Sides and under wing-coverts light red. Bill brownaish-black, basal 
half of lower mandible orange-yeUow ; iris brown ; feet flesh-colored. Sexes alike. Length 
8.50; extent 14.00; wing 4.50; tail 3.50; bill 0.75; tarsus, or middle toe and claw, 1.15. 
A European species, only N. American as occurring in Greenland. The upper parts are 
almost exactly like a robin's ; the lower whitish, streaked with dusky, the sides of the body 
and lining of the wings bright chestnut. 
5. T. nae'vius. (Lat. ncevius, spotted, varied ; ncevus, a birth-mark. Fig. 117.) Varied 
Thrush. Oregon Robin. ^, in summer: Entire upper parts dark slate-color, varying in 
shade from a blackish to a plumbeous slate, in less perfect specimens with a slight olive tinge ; 
wings and tail blackish, with more or less of plumbeous or olive shade, according to the age of 
the quills ; wing-coverts, greater and 
lesser, tipped with orange -brown form- 
ing two cross-bars, and quills edged in 
two or three places with the same ; 
quills also white at base on the inner 
webs, this marking not visible from the 
outside ; one or several of the • lateral 
tail-feathers tipped with white. A 
broad black collar across the breast, 
mounting on the side of the neck and 
head. Stripe behind the eye, lower 
eyelid, aild under parts orange-brown, 
gradually giving way to white on the 
lower belly; vent and crissum mixed 
white, orange-brown, and plumbeous. 
Bill black ; feet and claws dull yellow- 
ish. Length 9.50-10.00; extent about 
16.00; wing 5.00; tail 3.75; biU 0.80; 
tarsus, or middle toe and claw, 1.25. Fig. 117. — Varied Thrush (r«rrfMS ?«cci-<?<s), nat. size. (Ad. 
9 , in summer : Upper parts olivaceous- ^' ^" ^ 
plumbeous (almost exactly the shade of the common robin in winter) ; vnngs and tail scarcely 
darker; the pectoral collar narrow, like the back in color; other under parts like those of 
the ^ , but duller, paler, and rather rusty than orange-brown, with more white on the lower 
belly. Markings of head, tail, and wings exactly as in the male. Young : Like the adult 9 . 
Upper parts in many cases with a decided umber-brown wash. No speckled stage^ like that 
of the very young robin, has been observed, though August specimens have been examined. 
In the young ^ , the black pectoral bar is at first indicated by interrupted blackish crescents 
on individual feathers. Young 9 9 sometimes show scarcely a trace of the collar. At 
all ages, the markings of the head and wings are much the same. Pacific coast region, Alaska, 
