TUBJDIDJE— TUBBING: THRUSHES. 
247 
referable to T. fuscescens; but it bears an extraordinary resemblance to T. ustulatus, in the 
russet-olive color of the upper parts, and only slightly buff tinge of the juguluui. It is dis- 
tinguished from ustulatus by lack of the buif orbital ring so characteristic of ustulatus and 
swainsoni, and other characters by which fuscescens differs, notably the few if any spots in the 
white breast back of the buff area, and pale hoary gray instead of sordid olive-gray shading of 
the sides. The nest and eggs are presumably like those of fuscescens, not like those of ustu- 
latus or stvainsoni. (Not in Check List, 1882.) 
8. T. unalas'c£8. (Named from the island of Unalaska.) Western Hermit Thrush. In 
color absolutely like No. 10 ; in size slightly less on an average ; length scarcely 7.00 ; wing 
3.30 : tail 2.50 ; tarsus 1.15. Pacific coast region of N. A. 
9. T. u. au'duboni. (To J. J. Audubon.) Audubon's Hermit Thrush. In color absolutely 
like No. 10; in size larger on an average; length about 7-75; wing 4.20 ; tail 3.30; tarsus 
1.30. Southern Rocky Mt. region. A better marked variety than the last. 
10. T. u. na'nus. (Gr. mi/op, Lat. nanus, a dwarf) Eastern Hermit Thrush. ^ 9, in 
summer : Upper parts olivaceous, with a brownish cast, and therefore not so pure as in 
sivainsoni; this color changing on the rump and upper tail-coverts into the rufous of the tail, 
in decided contrast with the back. Under parts white, shaded with grayish-olive on the sides ; 
the breast, jugulum, and sides of the nock more or less strongly tinged with yellowish, and 
marked with numerous large, angular, dusky spots, which extend back of the yeUowish-tinted 
parts. Throat immaculate. A yellowish orbital ring. Bill brownish-black, most of the under 
mandible livid whitish; mouth yellow, eyes brown; legs pale brownish. ^, length 7-00- 
7.25; extent 11.00-12.00; wing 3.50-3.75 ; tail 2.75-3.00. 9, smaUer ; length 6.75-7.00; 
extent 10.75-11.25 ; wing 3.25-3.50. Averages of both sexes are : length 7-00; extent 11.25 ; 
wing 3.50; tail 2.75; tarsus 1.15. The dimensions thus overlap those of both unalascce and 
auduboni, and no positive discrimination is possible; the differences, when any, being of 
averages, not of extremes either way. ^ ^ , in winter : The olivaceous of the upper parts 
assumes a more rufous cast, much like that of ustulatus, and the yellowish wash of the under 
parts and sides of the head and neck is more strongly pronounced. But the most rufous speci- 
mens are readily distinguished from fuscescens by the strong contrast between the color of the 
tail and other upper parts. Very young : Most of the upper parts marked with pale yellowish 
longitudinal streaks, with clubbed extremities, and dusky specks at the end ; while the feathers 
of the belly and flanks ariB often skirted with dusky in addition to the numerous blackish spots 
of the rest of the under parts. N. Am. at large, but chiefly the Eastern Province; abundant; 
migratory, and found in all woodland, but breeds only northerly, from Massachusetts and cor- 
responding latitudes to the Arctic regions ; winters in the Southern States. Nest aiideggs_not 
distinguishable from those of the Veery (No. 7) . 
11. T. ustula'tus. (Lat. ustulatus, scorched, singed; referring to the warm russet coloration.) 
Oregon Olive-backed Thrush. Russet-backed Thrush. Quite like T. sivainsoni 
proper. No. 13, in uniformity of the color of the whole upper parts, presence of a buff orbital 
ring, and general character of the shading and spotting of the under parts ; but olive of the 
upper parts not pure, having a decided rufous tinge, resulting in a russet-olive of exactly the 
shade of that of the upper parts of the Western variety of fuscescens (salicicola) ; from which 
it is distinguished by the buff orbital ring, and very different shading and marking of the 
under parts (compare No. 7 a) ; there being, as in sivainsoni proper, much olive-gray spotting 
of the white breast back of the buff area, and much shading of the same olive-gray on the sides. 
Size of swainsoni. Nest in bushes, and eggs spotted, as in the latter. Pacific coast region 
of the U. S., abundant. 
12. T. u. ali^ci ae. (To Miss Alice Kennicott, sister of Robert Kennicott.) Gray-cheeked 
Thrush. Similar to swainsoni in uniformity and purity of the olive of the upper parts, which 
is as dark and pure (no tendency to the rufous of ustulatus) ; but the sides of the head lack- 
