264 
SYSTEM A TIC SYNOPSIS. — PA S SEMES — OSCINES. 
long, soft, and loose, without bright colors or well-marked changes according to sex, age, or 
season (excepting Auriparus). 
There may be about seventy-five good species of the Parince, thus restricted, most of 
them falling in the genus Parus, or in its immediate neighborhood. With few exceptions 
they are birds of the northern hemisphere, abounding in Europe, Asia, and North America. 
The larger proportion of the genera and species inhabit the Old World. All those of the New 
World occur within our limits. 
Analysis of Genera. 
Crested. 
Wings and tail rounded, of about equal lengths. No red or yellow Lophophanes 13 
Not crested. 
Wings and tail rounded, of about equal lengths. No red or yellow Parus 14 
Wings rounded, shorter than the graduated tail. No red or yellow Psaltriparus 15 
Wings pointed, longer than the even tail. Head yellow ; bend of wing red Auriparus 16 
13. LOPHO'PHANES. (Gr. X6(^oy, Zop/ios, a crest ; (^aiVco, p/mmo, I appear.) Crested Tit- 
mice. Head crested. Wings and tail rounded, of about equal lengths, and about as long as 
the body. Bill conoid-compressed, with upper and under outlines both convex. No yellow on 
head nor red on wing. Plumage lax, much the same in both sexes at all ages and seasons. 
Average size of the species at a maximum for Parince. Nests excavated in trees ; eggs spotted. 
Analysis of Species. 
Frontlet black ; sides washed with rusty. Eastern bicolor 40 
Crest like rest of upper parts ; no rusty on sides. Southwestern inornatus 41 
Crest entirely black ; rusty on sides. Texan atrocristatus 42 
Head with several black stripes ; no rusty on sides. Southwestern wollweberi 43 
40. L. bi'color. (Lat. his, twice; coZor, color. Fig. 136.) Tufted Titmouse. $ 9, adult: 
Entire upper parts ashy, the back usually with a slight 
olivaceous shade, the wings and tail rather purer and darker 
plumbeous, the latter sometimes showing obsolete transverse 
bars. Sides of the head and entire under parts dull whitish, 
washed with chestnut-brown on the sides. A black frontlet 
at the base of the crest. Bill plumbeous-blackish ; feet plum- 
S^j!^^^ beous. Length 6.00-6.50 inches; extent 9.75-10.75 ; wing 
."/.yy-^^^^ and tail 3.00-3.25 ; bill 0.40; tarsus 0.80; middle toe and 
W^"^ ;^ claw 0.75. 9 smaller than $. Young: The crest less devel- 
oped; little if any trace of the black frontlet; sides scarcely 
washed with rusty. Eastern U. S., rather southerly; scarcely 
N. to New England ; resident, abundant in woodland and 
shrubbery. Nest in holes; eggs 6 or 8, 0.75 X 0.56, white, 
nat. Zi.lX.lZ'"'''' dotted with reddish-brown and lilac. 
41. L.. inorna'tus. (Lat. in, as signifying negation, and ornatus, adorned ; orno, I ornament.) 
Plain Titmouse. ^ 9, adult: Entire upper parts dull leaden-gray, with a slight olive 
shade ; the wings and tail rather purer and darker. Below, dull ashy-whitish, without any 
rusty wash on the sides. No black on the head. Extreme forehead and sides of the head 
obscurely speckled with whitish. No decided markings anywhere. In size rather less than 
L. hicolor; length usually under 6.00 ; wing and tail under 3.00. Young quite Hke the adults, 
which closely resemble the young of L. bicolor; but in the latter there are traces at least of the 
reddish of the sides or black of the frontlet, or both ; the general coloration is purer, with more 
distinction between the upper and under parts, and the size is rather greater. The speckled 
appearance of the sides of the head and lores of L. inornatus is peculiar. Southwestern United 
States, abundant, resident. The typical form Californian ; a rather larger, stouter- billed form, 
lighter leaden-gray with scarcely any olive shade, from Utah, Arizona, etc., is L. i. griseus, 
Ridgw., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., v., 1882, p. 344. 
