PABID^ — PAEIN^: TITMICE. 
267 
belly nearly white, the rest more heavily shaded. Wings and tail with comparatively little 
whitish edging — the tail at least with no more than that of P. carolinensis. Sides of the 
head and neck white ; top of the head, and the throat, black. A conspicuous white super- 
ciliary stripe in the black cap, usually meeting its fellow across the forehead. Length about 
5.00; extent 8.30; wing 2.50-2.75; tail rather less; bill 0.38; tarsus 0.66. U. S., from 
Eastern foot-hills of the Rocky Mts. to the Pacific, chiefly in alpine regions. 
50. P. rufes'cens. (Lat. rufescens, rufous, reddish.) Chestnut-backed Titmouse. Crown 
and nape dark wood-brown, becoming sooty along the sides, separated from the sooty-black of 
the throat by a large white area extending back on the sides of the neck. Entire back and 
sides of body rich dark chestnut, contrasting strongly with the brown of the head. Breast 
and central line of under parts, with lining of the wings, whitish. Wing- and tail-coverts 
more or less washed with rusty-brown. Quills and tail-feathers scarcely or slightly edged 
with whitish. Bill black; feet dark; iris brown. Young with throat brown, like crown, 
instead of sooty. Length 4.75; extent 7-50; wing 2.30; tail about 3.00. A strongly 
marked species, with chestnut back and sides contrasting with dark brown cap and sooty throat. 
Pacific coast region of the U. S., northerly, and corresponding portions of British America. 
51. P. r. neglec'tus? (Lat. neglectus, neglected, i. e., not chosen; nec^ not, and lego, I gather, 
choose.) Quite similar: crown, throat, and back the same, but sides not extensively chestnut, 
being simply washed with rusty-brown. Coast region of California. 
P. liudsonleus. (Lat. hudsonicus, of Hudson's Bay ; after Henry Hudson, the navigator.) 
HuDSONiAN Titmouse. Crown, nape, and upper parts generally clear hair-brown, or ashy- 
brown with a slight olive shade, the coloration quite the same on back and crown, and contin- 
uous, being not separated by any whitish nuchal interval. Throat quite black, in restricted 
j area, not extending backward on sides of neck ; separated from the brown crown by silky 
■white on the side of the head, this white not reaching back of the auriculars to the sides of the 
nape. Sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts washed with dull chestnut or rusty-brown ; other 
under parts whitish. Quills and tail-feathers lead-color, as in other titmice, scarcely or slightly 
edged with whitish. Little or no concealed white on rump. Bill black; feet dark. Size of 
P. atricapillus, or rather less. Wing 2.50 ; tail rather less. New England and British America 
generally ; Nevada to Alaska. Common in coniferous woods. 
|49a. p. h. evu'ra, nobis. Alaskan specimens are larger, the tail nearly 3.00 ; thus corresponding 
I with P. atricapillus sej^tentrionalis, and being quite the size of P. cinctus, from which dis- 
tinguished by retaining precisely the coloration of P. hudsonicus. Alaska. 
52. P. cinc'tus. (Lat. cinctus, girdled; cingo, I bind about.) Siberian Titmouse. In general, 
similar to P. hudsonicus, but quite distinct. Throat sooty-blackish ; crown and nape dark 
hair-brown, bordered laterally with dusky, quite appreciably different in tone from the brighter 
brownish of the back, from which also separated to some extent by whitish of the cervix. 
Sides of head and neck pure white, in a large area widening behind, this white of opposite 
sides nearly meeting across the cervix. Back ashy overlaid with flaxen-brown, the rump light 
brown with much concealed white. Under parts whitish centrally from the black throat, but 
I heavily washed on the sides, flanks, and crissum, sometimes quite across the belly, with light 
brownish. Wings and tail slate-color, as usual in the genus, with much whitish edging, 
especially on the secondaries. Bill plumbeous-blackish; feet plumbeous. Wing 2.60; tail 
rather more. A large stylish chickadee, lately ascertained to inhabit Arctic America, especially 
Alaska, as well as boreal regions of Asia and Europe. 
16. PSALTRI'PARUS. (Gr. >/.aXrpta, Lat. psaltria, a lutist ; and parus, a tit.) Bush-tits. 
Dwarfs among pygmies! 3.75-4.25 long; wing 2.00 or less, tail 2.00 or more. Ashy or 
olive-gray, paler or whitish below ; neither crown nor throat black ; no bright colors. Head 
I not crested; wings rounded, shorter than the long narrow graduated tail, which exceeds the 
length of the body. Nest large, woven, pensile, with lateral entrance (fig. 140). Eggs 6-9, 
