SYLVICOLID^—SYLVICOLIN^: TBUE WABBLERS. 293 
Natural Analysis of Species. 
I. Tail-feathers conspicuously wliite-blotclied. "Wings with white or yellow on coverts. Head or breast with 
black. All exclusively Eastern. 
1. Bluish-ash, below white ; crown and wing-bars yellow ; throat and stripe on side of head black 
chnjsoptera 102 
2. Olive-green ; wings and tail bluish-ash, former with white or yellow bars ; crown and under 
parts yellow ; lores black pinus 98 
3. Olive-green, below yellow ; throat, breast, and crown-patch black ; forehead yellow . bachmani 103 
n. Tail-feathers inconspicuously or not blotched with white. No decided wing-markings. No black anywhere. 
a. Crown without colored patch. Wings about half as long again as tail. 
4. Tail with obscure whitish spot on outer feather; under parts white or whitish; upper parts 
olive-green, brighter behind, quite ashy in front. Chiefly Eastern peregrina 109 
b. Crown with colored patch. Wings shorter. 
5. Crown-patch orange-brown ; tail unmarked; upper parts olive-green, under parts greenish- 
yellow, both nearly uniform. Western and incompletely Eastern celata 107, 108 
6. Crown-patch chestnut ; tail unmarked ; upper parts olive-green, growing ashy on head ; under 
parts uniformly yellow. Eastern and incompletely Western rujicapilla 106 
7. Crown-patch chestnut ; tail unmarked; above olivaceous-ash, below whitish ; rump and under 
tail-coverts bright yellow ; breast yellowish. Western virginice 105 
8. Crown-patch and upper tail-coverts chestnut ; outer tail-feather with dull white 
patch ; above pale cinereous, below white. Southwestern lucics 104 
Pass-key to the Species. 
Tail-feathers white-blotched — bluish, crown yellow, throat black chrysoptera 102 
— greenish, crown and all under parts yellow pinus 98 
— greenish, crown (partly) and throat black bachmani 103 
— upper tail-coverts chestnut, crown-patch chestnut lucice. 104 
Tail-feathers all unmarked — upper tail-coverts — yellow ; crown-patch chestnut virginice 105 
— not yellow ; crown-patch — chestnut . . . rujicapilla 106 
— orange-brown . celata 107, 108 
— wanting . . . peregrina 109 
98. H. pi'nus. (Lat. pinus, a pine-tree.) Blue- winged Yellow Warbler. adult: 
Fore part of crown and entire under parts rich yellow; upper parts yellow-olive, becoming 
slaty-blue on the wings and tail (system of coloration thus like that of Protonotaria). Wings 
with two white or yellowish bars ; tail with several large white blotches ; under tail-coverts 
white; eyelids bright yellow ; small stripe through eye black ; bill blue-black. Female and 
young not very dissimilar ; duller and more olivaceous. Length about 4.75 ; extent 7.50 ; 
wing 2.40-2.50; tail 2.00-2.10; tarsus 0.65; bill 0.45. Eastern United States, north to 
Massachusetts and Minnesota, west to Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas ; common, migra- 
tory, breeding in its United States range, wintering extralimital. Nest on the ground, eggs 
4-5, 0.67 X 0.48, white, sprinkled with reddish-brown dots. 
99. H. lawren'cii? (To Geo. N. Lawrence, of N. Y.) Lawrence's Warbler. Like H. 
pinus ; but a large black patch on the throat and breast, and broad black eye-stripe, reaching 
over auriculars, as in H. chrysoptera ; thus pinus X chrysoptera, and doubtless a hybrid 
between the two. New Jersey; two specimens noted to date. 
100. H. leucobronchialis ? (Gr. XevKos, leucos, white, ^poyxo^, hrogchos, becoming bronchus, 
throat.) White-throated Warbler, luike H. chrysoptera ; but a black bar through the 
eye as in pinus, and lacking the black breast-patch of chrysoptera, the entire under parts being 
white ; thus chrysoptera X pinus, and doubtless a hybrid between the two, though up to date a 
dozen or more specimens have been described, from New England, New York, Pennsylvania, 
and Michigan. 
101. H. cincinnatien'sis ? (Of Cincinnati, Ohio, where discovered.) Cincinnati Warbler. 
Like H. pinus in color ; bill with evident rictal bristles ; no white wing-bars or tail-blotches ; 
no ashy-blue on wings or tail ; concealed black on crown and sides of head like the incom- 
pleted black mask of Opoi'ornis formosa, with which the bird otherwise closely agrees in color ; 
thus curiously being H. pinus X 0. formosa. Length 4.75 ; wing 2.50 ; tail 1.85 ; bill 0.44. 
One specimen known, Ohio. 
