SYLVICOLIDJE — SYLVICOLIN^: TRUE WARBLERS. 
307 
feathers edged with white ; two outer tail-feathers white-blotched on inner web. Length 
5.50; wing 2.80; tail 2.70. 9? adult: Upper parts dull bluish-gray, obscured with brown- 
ish on the hind neck and back, marked with heavy blackish streaks on the whole back ; 
crown and upper tail-coverts with fine black shaft-lines. Sides of head and neck like upper 
parts, with darkened lores and whitish eye-ring. Wing-quills dusky, with slight M^hitish edg- 
ing of both webs ; coverts like back, but with large blackish central field, and whitish edging 
and tipping, forming two inconspicuous wing-bars. Tail-feathers like wing-quills, only the 
outermost one having a small white blotch. Entire under parts dull yellow, brighter on breast, 
paler on throat and belly, washed with brownish on sides, with a slight necklace of brownish 
dots across the fore breast (as in Myiodioctes canadensis) ; these spots stronger on the sides of 
the breast, whence lengthening into streaks on the sides and flanks; a few small sharp 
scratches of the same nearly across lower breast. Under tail-coverts white, unmarked. Bill 
and feet black. Length about 5.30; wing 2.60; tail 2.30; bill 0.40; tarsus 0.80. Eastern 
U. S., the rarest of all the Warblers; only about a dozen specimens known thus far; its rela- 
tionships appear to be with dominica, graci/B, and adelaidce. 
133. D. palma'rum. (Lini. palmar um, of the palms; gen. pi. of palma, a palm.) Yellow Red- 
poll Warbler. Palm Warbler. In spring : Brownish-olive, rump and upper tail-coverts 
brighter yellowish-olive, back obsoletely streaked with dusky, crown chestnut ; superciliary 
line and entire under parts rich yellow, breast and sides with reddish-brown streaks, somewhat 
as in the Summer Warbler; a dusky loral line running through eye; no white wing-bars, the 
wing-coverts and inner quills being edged with yellowish-brown ; tail spots at very end of 
inner webs of two outer pairs of tail-feathers only, and cut squarely off — a peculiarity distin- 
guishing the species in any plumage. 9 Tiot particularly different from the Young: An 
obscure-looking object, brownish above like a young Yellow-rump, but upper tail-coverts 
yellowish-olive, and under tail-coverts apt to show quite bright yellow in contrast with the 
dingy yellowish- white or brownish- white of other under parts ; pectoral and lateral streaks 
obscure ; crown generally showing chestnut traces ; but in any plumage, known by absence 
of white wing -bars and peculiarity of the tail-spots. Length 5.00-5.25 ; extent about 8.00 ; 
wing 2.50; tail 2.25; tarsus 0.75. Eastern N. Am., abundant; N. to Labrador, Hudson's 
Bay, Fort Resolution, etc. ; breeds only beyond the U. S., excepting in Maine. Nest ow, the 
ground ; peculiar in this respect in the genus, as far as known; eggs not peculiar. When the 
bird is migrating it is usually found in fields, along hedge-rows and road-sides, with Yellow- 
rumps and Sparrows ; the most terrestrial species of the genus, often recalling a Titlark ; 
migrates early in the spring, and remains in the fall latest of any, except the Yellow-rump, 
being observed at both these seasons in New England, with snow, in April and November ; 
winters abundantly from the Carolinas to Texas, and in the West Indies. 
133. D. p. hypochry'sea ? (Gr. vTro, /iM^o, under ; xp»5o-fo?> c/in<seos, golden.) Yellow-bellied 
Red-poll Warbler. Said to differ in being more brightly and continuously yellow on the 
under parts, with the streaks confined mostly to the sides, broadly tear-shaped instead of linear, 
reddish instead of dusky; lower eyelid yellow, not whitish ; back brighter olive. '^Atlantic 
States, from East Florida to Nova Scotia." According to this, hypochrysea should be the 
common bird of the Atlantic States, and what is above described as true palmarum should be 
the bird of the interior. But I have little faith in the validity of the physical characters 
assigned, and none in the geographical distinctions sought to be established. 
134. D. pi'nus. (Lat. pinus, a pine.) Pine Warbler. Pine-creeping Warbler. $ : Uniform 
yellowish-olive above, yellow below, paler or M'hite on belly and under tail-coverts, shaded and 
sometimes obsoletely streaked with darker on the sides ; superciliary line yellow ; wing-bars 
white ; tail-blotches confined to two outer pairs of feathers, large, oblique. 9 young : 
Similar, duUer ; sometimes merely olive-gray above and sordid whitish below, thus making 
very dingy, non-committal objects. The variations in precise shade are interminable ; but the 
