314 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — PASSERES— OSCINES. 
squarish, glossy blue-black patch on the crown. Wings and tail plain fuscous, "with greenish 
edgings, unmarked with other color. Upper mandible dark ; under mandible and feet light. 
Length 4.75; extent 6.75-7.00; wing 2.00-2.25; tail 2.00. 9 , and young: Lacking the 
black cap, the crown being colored like the back. There is very little variation in this species, 
according to age or season, though the adult summer birds are the more richly colored. N. Am. 
at large, in wooded regions ; common, migratory. Breeds from the northernmost States north- 
ward to the limit of trees, and in the Rocky Mts. as far south as Colorado at least ; winters 
extralimital. Nest on the ground; eggs 4-5, 0.60 X 0.50, white, speckled and blotched with 
dark reddish-brown and lilac. 
148. M. p. pileola'tus. (Lat. pileolatus, wearing the pileum, a kind of cap.) Western Black- 
capped Fly-catching Warbler. Specimens from the Southern Rocky Mts. and Pacific 
coast region are frequently of a brighter yellow, almost orange, on the head and fore parts 
below, with the under mandible bright yellow. 
149. M. canaden^sis. (Lat. of Canada. Fig. 175.) Canadian Fly-catching Warbler, 
adult in spring : Bluish-ash ; crown speckled with lanceolate black marks, crowded and gen- 
erally continuous on the forehead; the latter divided length- 
wise by a slight yellow line; short superciliary line and edges 
of eyelids yellow ; lores black, continuous with black under the 
eye, and this passing as a chain of black streaks down the side 
of the neck and prettily encircling the throat like a necklace 
of jet ; excepting these streaks and the white under tail-coverts, 
the entire under parts are clear yellow ; wings and tail unmarked ; 
feet flesh-color. ^ in autumn with the yellow very rich, even 
tipping the feathers of the black necklace. Length 5.25-5.50; 
extent 7-75-8.25 ; wing 2.50; tail 2.25. In the 9 and young the 
catching Warblen'^^^CAd n!^. hlack of croWn, cheeks, and necklace is obscure or much restricted, 
del. E. C.) and in the young the back may be glossed with olive; but they 
cannot be mistaken for any other species. Eastern N. Am., an abundant and beautiful wood- 
land species, migratory, breeding from the Middle States occasionally, from New England regu- 
larly, northward to the limit of trees. Nest on the ground, in which respect species of this 
genus differ from most Sijlvicolidoe and resemble Helminthophila ; eggs 4-5, 0.75 X 0.55, 
white, dotted and blotched with reddish -brown after the usual fashion of warbler eggs. 
-45. CARDELLI'NA. (Apparently derived from Lat. carduelis, a kind of Finch ; carduus, a 
thistle.) Rose Fly-catching Warblers. Bill Parine in shape, much shorter than head, 
high at base, culmen convex throughout ; commissure curved. Rictal bristles stiff, but hardly 
reaching half-way from nostrils to tip of bill, which shows scarcely a trace of notch. Wings 
long and pointed ; 2d, 3d, and 4th quills nearly equal and longest ; 1st a little longer than 5th. 
Tail shorter than wings, nearly even. Feet small; tarsal scutella indistinct externally; tarsus 
longer than middle toe and claw. 
150. C. ru^brifrons. (Lat. ruber , red ; frons, front, forehead.) Red-fronted Fly-catching 
Warbler. ^ 9 ' Upper parts ash, wings and tail rather darker, edged with ashy-white; 
a broader and whiter bar across ends of median coverts. Below, from the breast, white, more 
or less shaded with ashy on the sides, and tinged with rosy. Rump and a nuchal patch white, 
or rosy-white. Whole head, throat, sides of the neck, and fore breast, bright red, with a broad 
black cap extending down on the sides of the head, involving the eyes and ears, ending in a 
point below the auriculars. The border of this cap is squarely transverse against the red of the 
forehead from eye to eye ; behind it, the red reaches up the sides of neck, but not across the 
back of the neck, the white nuchal area there meeting the ashy of the back. Bill and feet 
dark. In the highest summer plumage, the red is rich and carmine in liue, the cap glossy- 
black ; the under parts are much tinged with rosy ; the rump is snowy-white. Less richly- 
