FRINGILLIB^ : FINCHES, BUNTINGS, SPARROWS, ETC. 343 
large white spaces on inner webs, and sometimes tipped with white. Adult ^ 9 differ in the 
shade of yellow and degree of its obscuration. (Specimens from Southern Kocky Mts. said 
to have less turgid bill and narrower yellow frontlet.) A bird of distinguished appearance, 
whose very name suggests the far-away land of the dipping sun, and the tuneful romance 
which the wild bird throws around the fading light of day ; clothed in striking color-contrasts 
of black, white, and gold, he seems to represent the allegory of diurnal transmutation ; for his 
sable pinions close around the brightness of his vesture, as night encompasses the golden hues 
of sunset, while the clear white space enfolded in these tints foretells the dawn of the mon-ow. 
Western U. S. and somewhat northward ; E. in region of great lakes to N. Y. and Canada 
and probably New England ; irregularly migratory ; common. Nest and eggs unknown. 
62. PINI'COLA. (Lat. piniis, a pine ; colo, I cultivate.) Pine Bullfinches. Bill short, 
stout, about as high as broad, sides convex in all directions, culmen convex throughout, tip 
hooked ; commissure gently curved throughout, without decided angulation ; gonys relatively 
long, rami of under mandible short, former nearly straight, latter coming together in a very 
broad gentle curve ; commissural edge inflected. Nostrils small, round, ba^al, concealed by 
the ruff of antrorse plumules ; nasal fossae short and broad. Wings of moderate length, tipped 
by 2d-4th quills, 1st and 5th a little shorter ; 2d-5th with outer webs incised ; no peculiarity 
of inner quills. Tail little shorter than wings, emarginate, its short coverts scarcely or not 
reaching half-way to end. Feet small ; tarsus not longer than middle toe without claw, 7-scu- 
tellate in front, laminiplantar behind, but the outer of these plates commonly subdivided into 3 
or 4 below ! Lateral toes short, their claws scarcely surpassing base of middle one, outer 
rather longer than inner ; hind toe less in length than inner lateral ; its claw shorter, though 
stouter and more curved than the middle. Sexes 
unlike ; ^ red, 9 g^'^J- species. 
190. !*• enuclea'tor. (Lat. enucleator, one who shells 
out. Fig. 207.) Pine Grosbeak. Adult ^ : 
Light carmine or rosy-red, feathers of back with 
dusky centres lower belly and under tail-coverts 
gray, and, in general, the red continuous only in 
highly plumaged specimens. Nasal tufts and lores 
blackish. Wings blackish ; primaries with nan'ow 
white or rosy edging, inner secondaries more broadly 
edged with white, ends of greater and middle coverts 
white or rosy, forming conspicuous wing-bars. 
Tail like wings, with narrow edgings like those 
of primaries. Bill blackish, with or without paler 
base below; feet blackish. Length about 8.50; 
wing 4.50 or more ; tail 4.00. 9 • Ashy-gray, 
paler below ; feathers of the back with darker cen- 
tres, those of head, rump, and fore parts generally pard del. Nichols sc.) 
skirted with a saffron or yellowish color, very variable in extent and tint, from dull gamboge- 
yellow to olive-orange, or rusty-orange, or even reddish ; in some specimens crown and rump 
quite bricky-red. Throat sometimes abruptly paler than surrounding parts. Rather smaller 
than ^ . Young ^ resembles 9 • Northern portions of both hemispheres ; in America, in 
summer, Alaska, British America and N. border of U. S., the Rocky Mts. to Colorado, and 
Sierra Nevada to California ; in winter, range extended sometimes to Maryland, Ohio, Illinois 
and Kansas. Inhabits chiefly coniferous woods, in flocks when not breeding, feeding upon 
the fruit of such trees. A fine musician, of amiable disposition and gentle manners, often 
caged. Nest composed of a basement of twigs and rootlets, within which is a more compact 
fabric of finer materials ; eggs usually 4, pale greenish-blue, spotted and blotched with dark 
brown surface-markings and lilac shell-spots ; 1.05 X 0.74. 
Fig. 207. — Pine Grosbeak, reduced. (Shep- 
