352 
SYSTEM A TIC SYNOPSIS. — PA SSEBES — OSCINES. 
206. Li. arcto'a. (Gr. dpKTmos, arJctoios, northern.) Pallas's Eosy Finch. Dusky-purplish; 
neck above pale yellowish ; forehead and nasal feathers blackish ; outer webs of quills and 
wing-coverts, tail-coverts, rump and crissum , silvery-gray, rosy -margined. Kurile and Aleu- 
tian Islands; Siberia. Subgenerically different from any of the foregoing. 
68. uEGI'OTHUS. (Gr. KlyloBos, nom. propr. Fig. 216.) Red-poll LiNNETS. Bill small, 
short, straight, very acute, more or less compressed, the lateral outlines usually a little concave, 
those of culmen and gonys straight ; commissure straight to the slight angulation. Base of bill 
thickly beset with a ruflp of antrorse plumules, concealing the small nasal fossae and round 
nostrils. Wings longer than tail, pointed by first 3 primaries. 
Tail rather long for this group, forked. Feet small and weak, 
but tarsi longer than middle toe without claw ; lateral toes of 
equal lengths, their claw-tips falling beyond base of middle claw. 
Hind claw much longer, stouter and more curved than the mid- 
dle, exceeding its digit in length. Size small ; plumage streaky 
with dusky, white, and flaxen colors, crown crimson, face and 
throat blackish ; sexes otherwise dissimilar ; ^ with rosy or 
carmine on breast, wanting in 9 • Scarcely different from Linota 
(flavirostris, etc.) the pattern of coloration being the most avail- 
able distinction. Arboreal, gregarious, highly boreal finches of 
circumpolar distribution, breeding in high latitudes and alpine 
regions, roving south in winter in great flocks. The species are fig. 21G.- Details of 
much involved. ; we have four recognizable forms. thus (JE. homemanni, nat. size). 
(From Elliot.) 
Analysis of Species. 
Tarsus as long as middle toe and claw. Heavily streaked below. Rumi) always fully streaked. 
Smaller : length about 5.50; wing 3.00; bill moderate (N. Am. at large) Hnaria 207 
Larger: length about 6.00; wing 3.25; bill immoderate (Canada, etc.) holhoeUi 208 
Tarsus longer than middle toe and claw. Lightly or scarcely streaked below. Rump of adult cf immacu- 
late white to some extent. 
Smaller : length about 5.50 ; wing 3.00. Bill and feet small (Brit. Am., scarcely U. S.) . . . exUipes 210 
Larger: length about 6.00 ; wing 3.30. Bill and feet large (Greenland) homemanni 209 
207. lina'ria. (Lat. linaria, flaxen ; a linnet. Fig. 217.) Common Red-poll. Adult ^ : 
Frontlet, lores, and throat-spot sooty-black. Crown crimson. Above, variegated with brown- 
ish-yellow and dusky, the feathers having dark 
centres and flaxen edges. Rump streaked with 
dusky and white, and tinged with rosy, more or 
less so according to age and season. Below, 
white, the sides and crissum streaked with dusky, 
the entire fore-parts colored with rose-red more 
or less rich and extensive according to same cir- 
^^^^^iB^t^ - - cumstances. Wings and tail dusky, the feathers 
^^^^^^ - edged with whitish, the middle and greater 
coverts tipped with the same, forming two cross- 
bars. Bill black or yellow, usually found yel- 
^ low with dusky tip and edges. Feet blackish. 
. Length 5.50; extent 9.00; wing 3.00; tail 
li^^^^fe^fe: ' 2.50; bill 0.33; . tarsus 0.65; middle toe and 
= .. claw the same. Adult 9 • Wanting entirely 
^ - }iaving but a trace of rosy on the rump and 
Fig. 217. — Common Red-poll, reduced. (Shep- under parts. Breast with a dingy yellowish wash, 
pard del. Nichols sc.) streaked with dusky. Slightly smaller. Young : 
Like 9 J ^lit the ^ soon showing rosy. Young may usually be distinguished from the adult 9 hy 
