FRINGILLID^ : FINCHES, BUNTINGS, SPAEEOWS, ETC. 
355 
F:g. 220. — Lawrence's Goldfinch, 
(Altered from Audubon.) 
reduced. 
flesh -colored. In September, the black cap disappears; the general plumage changes to a 
pale flaxen-brown above and whitey-brown below, with traces of the yellow, especially 
about the head; wings and tail much as in summer; sexes then much alike: this con- 
tinues until the following April or May. Length 4.80-5.20; extent 8.75-9.25 ; wing 2.75; 
tail 2.00 ; 9 olivaceous above, including the crown ; below soiled yellowish, wings and tail 
dusky, whitish-edged; rather smaller than the ^. 
Yoimg like the winter 9 ; when very young, suf- 
fused with fulvous, and the wings edged with tawny. 
N. Am., especially the Eastern U. S. ; an abundant 
and femiliar species, conspicuous by its bright 
colors, and plaintive lisping notes ; in the fall, 
collects in large flocks, and so remains until the 
breeding season ; irregularly migratory, but winters 
as far north as New England ; feeds especially on 
the seeds of the thistle and buttonwood ; flies in 
an undulating course. Nest small, compact, built 
of downy and other soft pliant substances, placed 
in a crotch ; eggs 4-6, faintly bluish-white, nor- 
mally unmarked, 0.65 X 0.50. 
A. lawren'cii. (To G. N. Lawrence, of New York. Fig. 220.) Lawrence's Goldfinch. 
^, in summer : Gray, more or less tinged with yellowish, whitening on the belly and crissum ; 
rump, a large breast-patch, and much of the back rich yellow; crown, face, and chin black; 
wings black, variegated with yellow, most of the coverts being of this color, and the same 
broadly edging the quills; inner secondaries edged with hoary gray; tail black, most of the 
feathers with large square white spots on the inner webs and whitish edging of the outer ; bill 
and feet flesh-color more or less obscured. The 9 resembles the ^, but there is no black on 
the head, and the yellow places are not so bright ; yellow of the back often wanting. ^ 9 , in 
winter : The yellowish of the upper parts changed to olive-gray, but the yellow of other parts 
often as bright as in summer, and the black of the ^'s head the same. Size of tristis, or 
rather less ; an elegant species. California, Arizona, and New Mexico. General habits the 
same as those of C. tristis; nest_a,nd eggs indistinguishable. 
A. psaiaria. (Gr. yl/d\Tpia, psaltria, a lutist. Fig. 22L)rARKANSAw Goldfinch. $ , adult : 
Upper parts uniform olive-green, without any 
black ; below yellow ; crown black, this not 
extending below eyes; wings black, most of 
the quills and the greater coverts white-tipped, 
and the primaries white at base ; tail black, 
the outermost three pairs of feathers with a 
long rectangular white spot on the inner web. 
9 and young similar, but not so bright, and 
no black on the head; sometimes, also, no 
decided white spots on the tail. Length 4.25- 
4.50; wing 2.30; tail 2.00. Plains to the 
Pacific, U. S., southerly; N. at least to the 
head-waters of the Platte. A pretty species, 
nest and eggs the same. Southward this form 
Arkansaw Goldfinch, reduced. 
of the same habits as the common Goldfinch 
passes directly into 
A. p. arizo'nae. (Lat., of Arizona.) Arizona Goldfinch 
and black in about equal amounts ; thus leading directly into 
A. p. mexica'nus. (Lat. Mexican. Fig. 222.) Mexican Goldfinch 
The upper parts mixed olive 
The upper parts con- 
