TYRANNID^ : — TYEANNINjE : TYRANT FL YCA TCHERS. 441 
Exclusively Eastern Species. 
Largest : rather over than under 6.00 ; wing nearly or over 3.00 ; tarsus 0.67 ; middle toe and claw 0.50 ; 
bill nearly or quite 0.50. Clear light olive-green above, below whitish ; wing-bars and eye-ring taiony. 
Nest .//aMn fork of a horizontal bough ; eggs speckled. Not New England acadicns 384 
Medium : rather under 6.00; wing 2.70; tarsus 0.67, but middle toe and claw 0.60 ; bill hardly 0.50. 
01ive-6ro<(7/i above, below grayish ; wing-bars and eye-ring tohitish. Nest a bulky cup in a bush ; 
eggs speckled. New England trailli 3S5 
Small: rather under 5.50; proportions and colors nearly as in trailli. Nest a neat cup in upright 
■ crotch of a ^ree; eggs ?i'/ti^e. Commonest breeder in S. New England minimus 387 
Medium : under parts thoroughly yelloio. Nest near ground in a stump or log, bulky. Eggs speckled. 
New England flaviventris 388 
Exclusively Western Species. 
The representative of trailli. Eggs speckled pusillus 386 
The representative of flaviventris. Eggs sjjeckled difficilis 389 
Small, and otherwise like minimus; dark below, breast not very different from back; bill extremely 
narrow. Eggs white hammondi 390 
Large, about the size of acadicus ; olive-brown above ; breast dark ; outer tail-feather white on outer 
web ; bill very narrow. Eggs tohite obscurus 391 
E. aca'dicus. (Lat. of Acadia.) Small Green-crested or Acadian Flycatcher. 
Above, olive-green, clear, light, continuous and uniform (though the crown may show rather 
darker, owing to dusky centres of the slightly lengthened, erectile feathers) ; below, whitish, 
olive-shaded on sides and nearly across breast, yellowish-washed on belly, tianks, crissum and 
axillars ; wings dusky, inner quills edged, and coverts tipped, with taivny yellow; all the 
quills whitish-edged internally ; tail dusky, olive-glossed, unmarked ; a tawny eye-ring ; feet 
and upper mandible brown, under mandible pale. In midsummer, rather darker; in early fall 
brighter and especially more yellowish below ; in the young, the wing-markings more fulvous, 
the general plumage slightly butfy-sufFused ; when very young, said to be mottled transversely 
with pale ochraceous. Largest: 5.75-6.25 — rather over than under 6.00 ; extent rather over 
than under 9.50; wing 2.75-3.00 (even 3.12) ; tail 2.50-2.75 ; bill nearly or quite 0.50, about 
0. 25 wide at nostrils, broad and flat, like a pewee's ; tarsus 0.66 ; middle toe and claw 0.50 ; 
point of wing reaching nearly an inch beyond the secondaries; 2d, 3d, and 4th quills nearly equal 
and much {\ inch or more) longer than 1st and 5th, which about equal each other ; 1st much 
longer than 6th. The 9 near the lesser of all the dimensions given. Eastern U. S., southerly, 
scarcely known in New England; abundant in the Middle and Western States in woodland ; 
readily recognized by the points of size and shape, without regarding coloration. Nest in trees, 
in horizontal fork of a slender bough ; thin and open- worked, shallow, flat, saucer- shaped ; eggs 
2-4, 0.78 X 0.56, creamy-white, boldly spotted, resembling a wood pewee's. (Muscicapa suh- 
viridis Bartram, 1791 ; Empidonax subviridis Coues, 1882 (name acadicus geographically 
false). Muscicapa qiierulaWiL^., ii, 77, pi. 13, f . 3 ; M. acadica Aud., B. Am., Bvo. ed. 1840, 
1, 221, pi. 62; Empidonax acadicus Bd., B. N. A., 1858, p. 197.) 
E. trailli. (To T. S. Traill, of Edinburgh.) Traill's Flycatcher. Above, olive- 
})rown, lighter and duller brownish posteriorly, darker on head, owing to obviously dusky 
centres of the coronal feathers ; below, nearly as in acadicus, but darker, the olive-gray shading 
quite across the breast ; wing-markings grayish-white with slight yellowish or tawny shade ; 
under mandible pale; upper mandible and feet black. Averaging smaller than acadicus; 
length 5.50-6.00 ; extent under 9.50, usually 8.75-9.00 ; wing 2.66-2.75, more rounded than 
in acadicus, its tip only reaching about f of an inch beyond the secondaries, formed by 2d, 3d 
and 4th quills, as before, but 5th not so much shorter (hardly or not ^ of an inch), the 1st ranging 
between 5th and 6th ; tail 2.50; tarsus 0.66, as before, but middle toe and claw 0.60, the feet 
thus differently proportioned, owing to length of toes ; bill not so broad and flat as in acadicus. 
Eastern N. Am. to the Plains, common ; an entirely different bird from acadicus, but difficult 
if not impossible to distinguish from the following variety ; almost the same in color as minimus, 
but larger, and otherwise perfectly distinct. A common breeder from New England and Canada 
