488 
SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — PICARIjE — PICIFOBMES. 
Analysis of Species. 
Belly reddening ; no yellow about head; whole crown red ; $ nape red carolinus 450 
Belly yellowing ; (f crown-spot red ; $ no red on head. 
Front and nape yellow ; rump entirely white ; tail almost entirely black aurifrons 451 
No yellow on head ; rump and tail much barred with black and white uropygialis 452 
460. C. caroli'nus. (Of Carolina. Fig. 339.) Red-bellied Woodpecker. Whole crown and 
nape scarlet in the $ ; nape only so in the 9 . Sides of head, and under parts, grayish -white, 
usually with a yellow shade, reddening on the belly; tail black, one or two outer feathers 
white-barred ; inner web of central feath- 
ers white with black spots, outer web of 
the same black with a white space next 
the shaft for most of its length; white 
predominating on the rump. Bill and feet 
dusky plumbeous. Iris red. Large ; length 
nearer 10.00 than 9.00; extent 16.50-17.50; 
wing 5.00-5.50; bill over 1.00 ; 9 small- 
er. Varies much in size ; Southern speci- 
mens smaller than Northern. Eastern 
U. S., somewhat southerly, rarely N. to 
New England, and Canada West ; W. to 
the Rocky Mts. ; Texas ; common south- 
erly, where resident, less so northerly, 
where migratory. Eggs 4-6, 1.00 X 0.87- 
451. C. au'rifrons. (Lat. awmm, gold; /rons, 
forehead.) Yellow - fronted Wood- 
pecker. Somewhat similar to the last : 
belly yellowish, not reddish ; red of head 
in ^ confined to a crown-patch, in 9 
wanting. Forehead and nasal plumes 
golden-yellow ; nape with a golden, orange, 
or reddish band (in both sexes, besides the 
scarlet crown-patch of the ^). Ladder- 
rungs of back naiTow, numerous, and distinct. Head and under parts clear ashy-gray, very 
different from the smoky-gray of C. uropygialis, the belly yellowish, the flanks and crissum 
whitish, varied with black. Upper tail-coverts white, not barred. Middle tail-feathers entirely 
black ; outermost not entirely barred ; next black or only touched with white. Bill and feet 
bluish-black. Iris red. Length 9.50-10.50 ; extent 16.50-17.50 ; wing 5.00-5.50 ; tail 3.25- 
3.75. 9 differs as said. Young ^ : Distinctively like the adult ; nearly all the crown bronzy- 
red ; nasal plumes not yellow ; nape dull yellowish ; a few thin streaks of dusky on breast. 
Texas and southward ; very abundant in suitable localities on the Lower Rio Grande. Habits 
not peculiar. Eggs 4-6, 1.00 X 0.80. 
452. C. uropygia'lis. (Gr. ovponvytov, onroptigion^ Lat. uropygium, the rump ; banded in this 
species, not white as in aurifrons.) Gila Woodpecker. Saguaro Woodpecker. Head 
all around and entire under parts fulvous-gray, with front and nape not notably different, the 
middle of the belly yelloAvish, the flanks and crissum whitish with black bars and cordate spots ; 
middle of crown crimson in ^ . Back, rump, upper tail-coverts, wing-coverts, and inner quiUs 
closely and regularly banded with black and white, latter not pure on dorsal region. Primaries 
blackish, not regularly barred or spotted like the inner quills, but slightly white-tipped and 
-edged, and with large white blotches at base, of irregular shapes and tending to resolve into 
sets of smaller spots. Middle pair of tail-feathers black, with long white shaft-space on outer 
Fig. 339. — Red-bellied Woodpecker, reduced. (Shep- 
pard del. Nichols sc. ) 
