546 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — EAPTOBES—ACCIPITBES. 
spaces, being more or less touched with reddish. The same style of marking on the wing- 
coverts; the tail crossed with several narrow white bars, and the tip white. Young very 
diiferentj little or no fulvous or orange-bro\ATi ; above, plain dark brown, the wing-patch 
indicated or not; head, neck, and under parts white or buffy- white, fully streaked or arrow- 
headed with dark brown. Tail brown, crossed with many lighter and darker bars, the 
former mostly tawny on the outer webs, whitish on the inner webs ; wing-quills extensively 
variegated in similar pattern. Length of ^ 18.00-20.00; extent about 40.00; wing 11.50- 
13.50; tail 7.50-8.50; tarsus 2.75-3.25 ; 9 20.00-22.00; extent about 45.00; wing 12.00- 
14.00; tail 8.50-9.50. There is much variation in size ; Florida and Gulf specimens are very 
small. Nearly as long as B, borealis, but not nearly so heavy ; tarsi more extensively denuded. 
The adult of this handsome hawk is unmistakable ; but the student may require to look closely 
after the young. Eastern N. Am., one of the commonest hawks of the U. S., especially in 
winter; not far N. in Brit. Am. Habits and nidification similar to those of B. borealis } 
eggs 2-4, 2.00-2.25 X about 1.75, with the usual range of color-variati(m. 
531. B. 1. e'legans. (Lat. elegans, choice.) Western Red-shouldered Buzzard. The 
erythrism of the last. In extreme case, the whole under plumage rich dark reddish, almost 
obliterating the usual markings; wings and tail, however, still elegantly barred with pure 
white. R. Mts. to the Pacific, U. S. 
522. B. abbrevia/tus. (Lat. abhreviatus, shortened.) Band -tailed Buzzard. Adult ^ 9 • 
Coal-black, glossy and uniform over the whole body. Tail black ; viewed above, it seems to 
be crossed with 3 zones of ashy-gray or slate-color, increasing in width and firmness from the 
proximal to the distal one, and is narrowly tipped with white ; from below, there appear 3 pure 
white zones, since the ashy is on the outer webs only of the feathers (both webs of the middle 
pair, however), and the white is on the inner webs. The plumage of the head is snowy-white 
at the roots, and in some specimens, probably less mature, it is so extensive on the head, 
neck, and breast as to appear in spots on the least disturbance of the feathers. The wing- 
feathers appear quite black in the folded wing, but their inner webs basally acquire the 
usual light and dark spacing, with more or less whitish nebulation, or white areation. The 
feet appear to be yellow, the bill mostly dark. Young recognizably similar? Length of my 
Arizona specimen 19.50 ; extent 47.50; wing 15.50-16.50 ; tail 8.50-9.00; tarsus 2.50; middle 
toe without claw 1.60. A peculiar hawk, very unlike any other of the U. S., slightly built, 
with long mngs and tail ; not yet well known nor worked out in all its plumages. Cent. Am. 
and Mex. into Southwestern U. S. ; Ariz., Gala. (B. zonocercus, Scl., Tr. Z. S., 1858, pi. 59; 
Eidgw., Hist. N. A. B., iii, 1874, p. 272. B. albonotatus, Gray.) 
**** Light-weights; 3 outer primaries cut. 
523 B. swain'soni. (To Wm. Swainson.) Common American Buzzard. Swainson's Buz- 
zard. Adult ^ 9 : Upper parts dark brown, very variable in shade according to season or 
wear of the feathers, varied with paler brown, or even reddish-brown edgings of the feathers, 
but without the clear fawn-color of the young ; the feathers of the crown showing whitish 
when disturbed, and usually sharp, dark shaft-lines ; the upper tail-coverts chestnut and white, 
with blackish bars. Quills and tail-feathers as below, but the inner webs of the former 
showing more decided dark cross-bars upon a lighter marbled-whitish ground, and the latter 
having broader and sharper, dark wavy bars. These large quills, and particularly those of the 
tail, vary much in shade according to wear, the new feathers being strongly slate -colored, the 
old ones plain dark brown. The tail, however, never shows any trace of the rich chestnut that 
obtains in the adult B. borealis. Iris brown, never yellow ; feet, cere, gape, and base of under 
mandible rich chrome-yellow; rest of bill and claws bluish -black. Adult ^: Under parts 
showing a broad pectoral area of bright chestnut, usually with a glaucous cast, and sharp black 
shaft-lines ; this area contrasting sharply M'ith the rg white throat. Other under parts white. 
