COLUMBID^ — COLUMBINE : TYPICAL PIGEONS. 
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about as long as lateral without. Contains the domestic Pigeon, C. livia, the Stock Dove, 
C. oenas, Ring Dove, C. palutnbus (fig. 389), and several other species of both Hemispheres. 
Analysis of Species. 
A white band on nape ; metallic scales of nape without borders. Tail with light terminal and dark sub- 
terminal bars ; bill and feet yellow, former black-tipped. fasciata 539 
No white on head ; no metallic scales on nape ; tail not banded ; bill and feet not yellow . . erythrina 540 
Top of head white ; tail not banded ; metallic feathers of nape black-bordered leucocephala 541 
539. C, fascia'ta. (Lat. fasciata, banded; alluding to the bars on the tail.) Band-tailed 
Pigeon. White-collared Pigeon. Adult ^ : Head, neck, and under parts purplish 
wine-red, fading to white on belly and crissum, the nape with a distinct white half-collar, the 
cervix with a patch of metallic, scaly bronze-green feathers. Rump, upper tail-coverts, lining 
of wings and sides of body slaty-blue. Back and scapulars dark greenish- brown, with con- 
siderable lustre, changing on the wing-coverts to slaty-blue, these feathers with light edging. 
Quills blackish-brown, with pale edging along the sinuous portion of the outer webs. Tail 
bluish-ash, paler beyond the middle on top and much paler below, crossed at the middle by a 
black bar. Bill yellow, tipped with black ; feet yellow, claws black ; a red ring round eye — 
these colors very conspicuous in life. A large stout species : length 16.00 ; extent about 27-00 ; 
wing 8.00-8.50, pointed; tail 5.50-6.00, square; bill 0.75, stout for a pigeon; tarsus 1.00, 
feathered half-way down in front ; middle toe and claw 1.67. Adult 9 • Back, wings, and 
tail, as in ^ ; metallic scales and white collar obscure or wanting. Head and under parts 
nmch less purplish, the rich hue replaced by a rusty-brown wash on an ashy ground ; yellow 
vf feet and bill obscured; smaller; wing 7.50; tail 4.75. Young ^: Resembling the 9- 
Rocky Mts. to the Pacific, U. S., common and of general but irregular distribution, chiefly in 
woodland, and especially where acorns, upon which it largely subsists, can be procured ; some- 
times in flocks of great extent. Nest in trees and bushes ; eggs 2, equal-ended, white, 
glistening, 1.50X1-20. 
540. C. erythri'na. (Gr. epvOplvos, eruthrinos, reddish.) Red-billed Pigeon. Adult J : 
Head, neck, and breast dark purplish wine-red, with a slight glaucous overcast, like the bloom 
on a grape ; no metallic scales on neck. Middle Mdng-coverts like the head. Middle of back, 
and some inner wing- quills, dark olive-brown with a bronze-green gloss. Greater wing- 
coverts, lining of wings, sides of body, belly, crissum, and rump, slate-colored, sometimes quite 
sooty, sometimes more bluish ; tail like rump, but more blackish. Quills of wing dark slate 
with narrow pale edging. Bill pink for basal half, rest pale horn-color ; feet purplish-red, 
with pale claws ; eye-ring red ; iris orange. Bill and feet drying an undetinable color. Bill 
remarkable for forward extension of feathers on culmen, to with half an inch of tip, covering 
the nasal scale. Length 13.50-14.50 ; extent 23.00-25.00 ; wing 7.50-8.00 ; tail about 5.00; 
tarsus 0.87 ; middle toe and claw 1.50. 9 ^^'^^ young similar, duller and more dilute in color, 
the wine-red and slate-color more ashy. Texas, Mexico, Lower California. A dark, richly- 
colored pigeon, common in the Valley of Lower Rio Grande and southward. Nest in trees and 
bushes, of twigs, grasses, and roots, well-formed for a pigeon's ; egg single, equal-ended, 
glistening white; averaging 1.54X1-09; laid in Apr., May. 
541. C. leucoce'pliala. (Gr. XevKos, leucos, white; K€(pakr}, Jcephale, head.) White-crowned 
Pigeon. Adult ^ 9 • Dark slaty, paler below, the quills and tail feathers darkest. Whole 
top of head pure white; hind neck above rich maroon-brown, lower down and laterally metallic 
golden-green, each feather black-edged, giving the appearance of scales. Bill and feet dark 
carmine or lake red, the tip of the former bluish-white; bill drying dusky with yellowish tip, 
feet dingy yellowish. Iris yellow or white. Length 13.00-14.00; extent 23.00; wing 7-50; 
tail 5.75. 9 only duller than ^. West Indies and Florida Keys. Nest in trees and bushes, 
of twigs, roots, and grasses; eggs 2, white, 1.40 X 1-05. 
193. ECTOPIS'TES. (Gr. eKTomoTTjs, eJctopistes, a wanderer: very appropriate.) Passenger 
