TETBAONIDJ^ — TETEAONINJE: GROUSE. 
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and Southern States — wherever the Huffed Grouse is called pheasant," the Bob-wliite, Ortyx 
virginiana, is called "partridge." (3.) The term quail" is specially applicable to the Euro- 
pean Migratory or Messina Quail, Coturnix dactylisonans. But this resembles our Bob- white 
not distantly, causing the latter to be called ''quail" in the sections where the Kuffed and Spruce 
Grouse are called " partridge ; " and in the Southwest, the species of LophortyXj Oreortyx, and 
Cyrtonyx are universally called " quail." The following tabular statement should bring the 
matter clearly into view. 
Summary of North American Tetraonid^ — Grouse, Partridge, Quail. 
A. Grouse, with feathers on shank (Tetraonince) . 
1. Sage Foivl: Sage Cock; Sage-Hen; Cock-of-the-Plains. Western. One species: 
Centrocercus urophasianus. 
2. Sharp-tailed Grouse: Pin-tail Grouse; Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the North- 
west : 1 species, 2 varieties : Pedioecetes phasianellus. 
3. Pinnated Grouse : common Prairie Hen or Prairie Chicken of the Mississippi, Ohio, 
and Lower Missouri valleys. One species ; two varieties : Cupidonia cupido. 
4. Tree Grouse : Spruce Grouse ; Black Grouse ; the Northern States species improperly 
called '' partridge." One species, two varieties : Canace canadensis. 
Another species of 3 varieties, confined to the West : Canace obscura. 
5. Buffed Grouse : improperly called " partridge " in the Northern and '' pheasant " in the 
Middle and Southern States. One species, Bonasa umhella, of 3 varieties. 
6. Snow Grouse, or Ptarmigan. Three species of Lagopus, boreal and alpine, turning 
white in winter : L. albus, L. rupestris, L. leucurus. 
B. Partridge and Quail, without feathers on shank {OdontophorincB) . 
7. The imported Messina Quail, or Migratory Quail of Europe : one species : Coturnix 
dactylisonans. 
8. Bob-white: called ''quail" in Northern States; called "partridge" in the Middle 
and Southern States. One species : Ortyx virginiana, with 2 varieties, one in 
Florida, the other in Texas. 
9. Helmet Partridges: of the Southwest, commonly called "quail," with a beautiful 
recurved top-knot. Two species of Lophortyx : L. gambeli, L. californica, commonly 
called " valley quail." 
10. Arrow Partridge: wdth two long arrowy plumes on the head. One species, of Cali- 
fornia : Orortyx picta, commonly called " mount9in quail." 
11. Shell Partridge : bluish- white markings, as if scaly. One species, Southwest. Calli- 
pepla squamata. 
12. Massena Partridge (not to be confused with the 
imported Messina Quail) : with a soft crest and 
numberless white "eyes" on the belly. South- 
west. One species : Cyrtonyx massena. 
In all, 26 varieties, of 16 species, of 12 genera, of 2 
subfamilies, of 1 family. 
52. Subfamily TETRAONIN/E : Grouse. 
Head completely feathered, excepting, usually, a 
naked strip of skin over the eye. Nasal fossae densely 
feathered. Tarsi more or less perfectly feathered, the 
feathering sometimes extending on the toes to the 
Fia. 396. -'Red Game 'of Britain, Laf7o^us ^^'"^^^^^5 the toes, when naked, with horny fringe-like 
scoticus. (From Dixon.) processes. Tail variable in shape, but never folded, 
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