CHAEADBIIDJE—CHABADEIIN^: PLOVER. 
603 
variety (perhaps only some individuals) with the black necklace complete. Described from the 
Headwaters of the Platte, in Nebraska, July ; probably breeding there. 
589. JE,. hiati'cula. {Diniin. of Lat. hiatiiS; a gape ; hiaticula being a translation of x^^P^^pi-os, 
charadrios, because the bird is found about the mouths (Matus) of rivers.) European Ring 
Plover. Size of No. 586, or rather larger, and general aspect the same; no evident web 
between inner and middle toe, that between outer and middle only reaching to end of first joint 
of the latter ; no colored ring round eye ; one description would answer for the head-markings 
of both, but black bars very heavy; white touches on eye-lids. Upper parts hair-brown. 
Primaries blackish-brown, the outer four or five with white only on the shafts for a space near 
their ends, the white beginning to invade the webs on the fourth or fifth, and enlarging in 
width with diminishing length on the rest. Secondaries white with dark ends of diminishing 
length inwards, till one or two of the short inner ones are almost entirely white ; the long flow- 
ing innermost ones, however, like the back. Tail as in semipalmatus. Length about 
7.50 ; wing 5.00 ; tail 2.45 ; bill O.GO, orange, with black tip ; tarsus 0.95 ; middle toe and claw 
0.85; feet orange; claws black. Young like that of semipalmatus ; no black on vertex; 
that of side of head and around neck dusky-gray : whitish front, line over eye, and under eyelid ; 
primaries quite dark with white spaces on shafts and webs well marked ; feathers of upper parts 
with pale beady tips ; ends of even middle tail-feathers white. Widely distributed in the Old 
World; Greenland; Cumberland Sound, N. A. (Description from a N. A. specimen.) 
590. curo'nicus. (Lat. ciironicus, of Courland, on the Baltic.) European Lesser Ring 
Plover. Closely resembling the last ; smaller ; black bands not so broad ; black of vertex 
and auriculars bordered behind with white ; shaft of 1st primary alone white ; bill extremely 
slender, black, yellow only at base of lower mandible ; legs yellowish flesh-color ; a colored 
ring round eye. Length about 6.00 ; bill 0.60 ; wing 4.35 ; tail 2.30 ; tarsus 0.90. Inhabits 
much of the Old World ; questionably N. Am., on the Pacific side. Young : Differs much as 
young hiaticula does. Ring around necli dusky-gray ; that on side of head chiefly reduced to 
a loral stripe. No black across vertex ; white of forehead soiled. Upper parts darker than in 
adult, in an early stage with pale or fulvous edgings of the feathers. (A. microrhynchus Ridg.) 
591. JE. cantia'nus nivo'sus. (Lat. can^mmfs, Kentish ; Lat. mfosits, snowy (white).) Snowy 
Ring Plover. ^ , in breeding dress : Above, pale ashy-gray, little darker than in 
melodus. Top of head with a fulvous tinge. A broad black coronal bar from eye to eye. 
A narrower black post-ocular stripe, tending to meet its fellow on nape, and thus encircle 
the fulvous area. A broad black patch on each side of the breast; no sign of its completion 
above or below ; no complete black loral stripe (as in cantianus), but indication of such 
in a small dark patch on either side of base of upper mandible. Forehead, continuous with 
Hne over eye, sides of head excepting the black post-ocular stripe, and whole under parts 
excepting the black lateral breast-patches, snowy-white. No white ring complete around back 
of neck. Primaries blackish, especially at bases and ends, the intermediate extent fuscous ; 
shaft of the 1st white, of others white for a space ; nearly all the primaries bleaching toward 
bases of inner webs, but only some of the inner ones with a white area on outer webs. 
Primary coverts like the primaries, but white-tipped. Greater coverts like the back, but 
white-tipped. Secondaries dark brown, bleaching internally and basally in increasing extent 
from without inwards, their shafts white along their respective white portions. Tertiaries like 
back. Several intermediate tail-feathers like back, darkening toward ends ; two or three 
lateral pairs entirely white ; all the feathers more pointed than usual. Bill slender and acute, 
black. Legs black. Length 6.50-7.00; extent 13.50-14.00; wing 4.00-4.25; tail 2.00 or 
less; bill 0.60; tarsus 1.00 ; middle toe and claw 0.75. In winter (young ?) : Upper plumage 
rather darker than as above said, and less uniform, the individual feathers with pale edges. 
Whole crown like back ; no black or fulvous on head ; forehead white ; lores slightly dusky ; 
black of sides of breast replaced by a patch of the color of the back. Bill black ; tarsi livid 
