CHAEADBIIDjE — ATHBIZINJE: SUHF-BIBBS. 
605 
very broad, 3 or 4 outer ones much narrowed toward end. A long thin recurved occipital crest 
of filamentous feathers. Plumage of upper parts highly lustrous with metallic iridescence. 
V. crista'tus. (Lat. cm<a^«fs, crested. Fig. 415.) Crested Lapwing. Adult : Top and 
front of head, including the 2-3 inch long crest, throat-line, and large pectoral area, glossy black. 
Sides of head mostly, and sides of neck, white, on hind neck mixed with gray. Upper and 
under tail-coverts chestnut or orange-brown. Under parts, except as said, snowy-white. Tail 
white, with broad black bar at ends of feathers excepting outermost, tips of all narrowly white. 
Upper parts iridescent green, passing on wings to violet-purple and steel-blue. Quills glossy 
blue-black, several outer primaries fading to grayish-white on the narrow terminal portion, 
the secondaries white at base. Bill black; feet red. This splendid wanton of the crest 
inhabits Europe, etc., and has occurred in Greenland. 
55. ? Subfamily APHRIZIN>E: Surf-birds. 
The peculiarities of the single species seem to be super-generic, but the position of 
Aphriza is still open to question ; as may be judged from the following diagnosis. 
[221. APHRl'ZA. (Gr. d(})p6s, aphros, sea-foam; ^aco, zao, I live: badly formed, but euphonious.) 
Surf -BIRDS. Bill plover-like, shorter than head, stout at base, contracted in continuity, with 
enlarged horny termination ; both mandibles deeply gi-ooved to their horny ends ; nostrils sub- 
basal, close to commissure, linear, perforate ; feathers reaching equally far forward on side of 
each mandible, mnch farther in interramal space. Wings very long and acute, folding to or 
beyond end of tail. 1st primary longest, all rapidly graduated ; flowing inner quills not nearly 
reacliing point of wing. Tail very short, square, less than one half as long as wing, 12- 
feathered. Feet scolopacine, with well-developed hind toe short and stout, much as in Strep- 
silas ; tibiae naked below, but the feathers falling to the suffrago ', tarsus little longer than 
middle toe and claw, reticulate, scutellate in front; toes cleft to the base, lateral of equal 
lengths, reaching base of middle claw ; inner edge of middle claw dilated and jagged. General 
character of plumage, in its pattern of coloration and seasonal changes, as in Tringcce. One 
species ; a remarkable isolated form, perhaps a plover and connecting this family with the 
next by close relationships with Strepsilas, but with hind toe as well developed as usual in 
Sandpipers, and general appearance rather sandpiper-like than plover-like. AphrizincB might 
go under Hcematopodidce next to Strepsilas ; or, perhaps better, Aphriza and Strepsilas might 
together constitute a family Aphrizid^, next to, but apart from Hcematopodidce. 
. 594. A. virga'ta. (Lat. wr^/ato, striped.) Surf-bird. In summer : Dark ashy-brown, streaked 
with whitish on head and neck, varied with rufous and black on the back and wings. Upper 
tail-coverts and basal half or more of tail pure w'hite ; rest of tail black, white-tipped. Under 
parts white or ashy- white, variously marked with browmish-black ; the throat and fore breast 
narrowly streaked, the streaks changing on the breast to curved bars, and there very profuse, 
I on other under parts sparse and spotty. Bases and shafts of primaries, tips of most of them, 
I greater part of the secondaries, and tips of greater coverts, M'hite ; exj)osed portions of primaries 
blackish. Bill black, flesh-colored at base below ; legs dusky greenish ? In winter : 
. Plumage of the head, neck, breast, and upper parts nearly uniform dusky brown, unvaried 
1 with white or reddish, but with obsoletely darker shaft-lines ; white under parts slightly 
spotty; quills and tail-feathers as in summer. Length 9.00-10.00; extent 17.00 or more; 
wing 6.50-7.00; tail 2.75; bill 1.00; tarsus 1.25; middle toe and claw 1.10. Varies greatly 
in plumage with age and season, but unmistakable in any guise. Extensively dispersed over 
the coasts and islands of the Pacific ; along whole W. coast of N. A. In Alaska, according to 
Nelson, it occurs N. to Bering's Strait ; and about St. Michael's frequents in August the rocky 
shores of the small outlying islands, and the capes whose rugged shore-lines aflFord congenial 
resorts to the surf-birds and the Heteroscelus incanus. 
