PHALAROPODIDjE : PHALABOPES. 618 
in the nape. A narrow, distinct, pure white line over the eye. Sides of neck intense purplish' 
chestnut, or dark wine-red ; anteriorly deepening upon the auriculars into velvety-black ; pos- 
teriorly continued, somewhat duller in tint, as a stripe along each side of the back to the tips 
of the scapulars. Other upper parts pearly-ash, blanching on the rump and upper tail-coverts. 
Wings pale grayish-brown ; coverts slightly white-tipped ; primaries dusky-brown, their shafts 
bi-ownish-white, except at tip. Tail marbled with pearly-gray and white. All the under parts 
pure white, but the fore part and sides of the breast washed with pale chestnut-brown, as if with 
a weak solution of the rich color on the neck, and a faint tinge of the same along the sides of the 
body to the flanks. Bill and feet black. Iris brown. Length 8.50-9.00 ; extent 15.50-16.00; 
wing 5.00-5.25 ; tail 2.25 ; bill 1.33; tarsus 1.25 ; middle toe and claw 1.12. Adult $ : Less 
richly colored, and smaller; length 8.00-8.50; extent 15.00; wing 4.75-5.00. Adult $ ^ , m 
winter : No rusty red or pure black. Above, pure ashy-gray, each feather usually skirted with 
whitish ; frequently some blackish, pale-edged feathers. Wing-quills fuscous, usually with 
light edgings ; tail as in summer ; upper tail-coverts, line over eye, parts about bill, and whole 
under parts, white, the jugulum and sides usually shaded with ashy. Young, before first moult : 
Bill blacldsh, about 1.10 long; legs dull yeUow (tarsus 1.20; middle toe and claw 1.05). 
Upper parts, including crown and upper surface of wings, brownish-black, each feather edged 
with rusty-brown, very cf)nspicuous on the long inner secondaries, and giving a general aspect 
like that of a sandpiper of the genus Actodromas. Upper tail-coverts pure white. Tail clear 
ash, edged and much marbled with white, the ash darker at its line of demarcation from the 
white. Line over eye, and whole under parts white, the breast with a faint rusty tinge, and 
the sides slightly marbled with gray. Quills dusky, the secondaries white-edged, and the shafts 
of the primaries whitish. This stage is of extremely brief duration, beginning to give way, 
almost as soon the bird is full grown, to the clear uniform ashy of the upper parts of the fall 
and winter condition. The change, in some specimens shot early in August, is already very 
evident, clear ashy feathers being mixed, on the crown and all the upper parts, with such as 
just described. Size of the smallest specimen only 8.25 in length by 14.50 in extent ; the wing 
4.60. Chicks are covered with bufi'-colored down, spotted with black above. In full plumage 
this is the handsomest and largest of the phalaropes, and one of the most elegant of the waders. 
U. S. and British Provinces, N. to the Saskatchewan ; rare in U. S. E. of Illinois and Lake 
Michigan ; abundant in the Mississippi Valley at large and westward. Migratory, leaving U. S. 
in winter ; breeds in suitable places throughout its range. Nest in low grassy meadows and 
marshes. Eggs 3-4, 1.20 to 1.35 long by 1.90 broad, thus elongate pyriform, clay-color to 
brownish-drab, heavily marked with large splashes and sizeable spots, with numberless specks 
and scratches, of dark bistre or chocolate-brown ; some eggs much less painted than others, in 
finer pattern ; incubated by the $ . 
227. LO'BIPE^. (Lat. lobus, a flap, pes, foot.) Lobe-foot Phalaropes. Bill generally as in 
Steganopus, but shorter, basally stouter, and tapering to a very acute, compressed tip ; ridge of 
culmen and gonys less depressed ; interramal space longer and 
broader. Wings long. Tail short, greatly rounded. Legs 
and feet short ; tibiae denuded for but a brief space ; tarsus 
not longer than middle toe. Toes very broadly margined with 
a membrane wliich is scalloped or indented at each joint, and 
united basally to second joint between outer and middle toe, 
to first joint between the inner and middle toe ; feet thus Fig. 429. - Foot of Red-necked 
, ^, nil, Phalarope.nat. size. (Ad nat.del. E. C.) 
semipalmate. Claws small and short. 
603. L. hyperbo'reus. (Lat. hyperhoreus, beyond the north wind. Fig. 429.) Northern 
Phalarope. Eed-necked Phalarope. Adult ^ 9, in summer: Above, sooty-gray, with 
lateral stripes of ochraceous or tawny ; neck rich rust-red, nearly or quite all around ; under 
parts otherwise white, the sides marked with the color of back. Upper tail-coverts like back, 
