SCOLOPACIDJE : SANDPIPERS. 
629 
plumbeous-gray; fore-neck uniform mouse-gray, or brownish-plumbeous. "Wing 5.06; culmen 1.20; 
tarsus 0.99; middle toe without claw 0.90 maritima 620 
Breeding dress : Crown streaked with deep rusty ; scapulars and interscapulars broadly bordered with 
bright ferruginous ; fore-neck irregularly clouded with dull pale buft" or soiled white and sooty- 
plumbeous, the breast more coarsely clouded, with more or less of a black patch on each side. 
Winter dress: Like that of maritima, but the plumbeous borders of dorsal feathers broader and 
lighter, or more bluish. Jugulum streaked or otherwise varied with white. Wing 4.86 ; culmen 1.13 ; 
tarsus 0.95; middle toe without claw 0.86 couesi 621 
Breeding dress: Crown broadly streaked with ochraceous-buff ; scapulars and interscapulars broadly 
bordered with bright ochraceous-rufous ; fore-neck pure white, sparsely streaked with brownish-gray ; 
breast white, streaked anteriorly and clouded posteriorly with dusky, latter forming more or less of a 
patch on each side. Winter dress : Similar to the corresponding stages of each of the foregoing, but 
very much paler, the whole dorsal aspect being light cinereous, the scapulars and interscapulars with 
small, nearly concealed, central spots, the wing-coverts very broadly edged with pure white ; fore-neck 
with white largely predominating. Wing 5.16; culmen 1.33; tarsus 0.98; middle toe without claw 
0.90 ptilocnemis 622 
620. A. mari'tima. (Lat. maritima, maritime.) Purple Sandpiper. Bill little longer than 
head, much longer than tarsus, straight or nearly so; tibial feathers long, reaching to the 
joint, though the legs are really hare a little way ahove ; tarsus shorter than middle toe and 
claw. Length ahout 9.00 : extent about 16.00 ; wing 5.00; tail 2.66, much rounded ; bill 1.20; 
tarsus 0.90-1.00 ; middle toe 1.00 or a little more. The breeding dress, little known : Upper 
parts black, conspicuously varied on the head, neck, back, and scapulars, with chestnut or 
cinnamon, and pale butf or whitish, the darker reddish colors edging or indenting the sides 
of the feathers, the paler colors chiefly tipping their ends; the rusty-red also suffusing the 
sides of the head, separated from the black and reddish crown by a pale or whitish superciliary 
stripe. A lighter tawny shade invades the jugulum and breast ; otherwise, under parts 
white, streaked on the breast with blackish, elsewhere nebulated with dusky-gray, but no 
definite blackish area formed. Rump and upper tail-coverts brownish-black, unmarked. 
Wings plain fuscous, the lesser coverts narrowly, the greater broadly, tipped with white, 
the secondaries mostly white in increasing amounts from without inwards, and the shaft of 
the first primary M^hite. Tail-feathers plain dusky. Adult in winter : Entire upper parts a 
lustrous very dark bluish- or blackish-ash, with purple and violet reflections, and each feather 
with a lighter border. Greater and lesser wing-coverts, tertials and scapulars edged and tipped 
with white. Secondaries mostly white. Primaries deep dusky, the shafts dull white except at 
tip, where they are black. Upper tail-coverts and central tail-feathers brownish-black with 
purplish reflections, the outer pairs of the former white-barred with dusky. Lateral tail-feathers 
light ashy. Jugulum and breast bluish-ash, each feather of the latter edged with white, and 
the ash extending along the sides beneath the wings. Rest of under parts white, immaculate. 
Legs, feet, and bill at base light flesh-color ; rest of bill greenish-black. Most immature birds 
of the first fall and winter resemble this, but are duller, without the gloss. Young : Upper 
parts much the color of the adult, but with each feather broadly edged and tipped with light 
buff or reddish -yellow. Light edging of wing-coverts ashy instead of pure white. Under 
parts everywhere thickly mottled with ashy and dusky, deepest on the breast and jugulum. 
Chicks in down are very pretty: grayish-brown, mottled with black, the back, wings, and 
rump spangled with M^hite points ; head grayish- white, tinged with fulvous, variously marked 
with black ; lores with two parallel black stripes ; below, grayish-white. A species of <;ircum- 
polar distribution, breeding and often wintering in Arctic regions ; in America S. to the Middle 
States; chiefly maritime, but also occurring on the Great Lakes. Egg of usual pyriform shape, 
about 1.40 X 1-00, clay color with olive shade, with large bold markings of rich umber-brown 
of varying shade, with neutral tint shell-markings ; markings over all the surface, but largest 
and most massed at the greater end. 
631, A. coues'i. (To E. Coues.) Aleutian Sandpiper. Very near the last. The following 
is the original description, in substanxje. Breeding dress : Above fuliginous-slate ; feathers of 
