706 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — LAMELLIBOSTRES — AN SERES. 
ellipsoidal, about 2.00 X 1.50, in tint buffy-drab (between grayish-olive and rich creamy- 
white.) 
293. HAREL'DA. (The Icelandic name.) Long-tail Duck. Bill shorter than head, about as 
long as tarsus, high at base, nearly parallel- sided to the rounded end occupied by the broad 
nail ; the upper lateral angles of most ducks obsolete, the feathers sweeping obliquely down- 
ward from those on culmen ; those of chin reaching about opposite nostrils, which are placed 
high up in basal half of bill; the commissure ascending near end, then decurved into the 
prominent nail. Tail of 14 feathers, in $ as long as wing by excessive elongation of the 
narrow middle feathers (more so than in Dafila of Anatince) : ^ scapulars also long lance- 
linear, produced straight over the wing. Sexual and seasonal plumages unlike. Crissum 
white; no white on wing nor any speculum; coloration chiefly black, white, and brown, with 
reddish on back in summer. 
738. H. glacia'lis. (Lat. glacialis, icy.) Long-tailed Duck. South-southerly. Old- 
wife. Old- SQUAW. in breeding dress: Bill black, broadly orange toward end; iris 
carmine ; feet livid bluish, with dusky webs and black claws. Head (m top and behind black- 
ish, with a great patch of silvery-gray, ■whitening around and behind eye. Neck all around 
and fore breast, very dark chocolate-brown, almost blackish ; quills and lining of wings the- 
same; under parts from the breast abruptly white. Upper parts at large, and long tail- 
feathers, blackish, the long scapulars varied with bright reddish; the shorter tail-feathers 
whitish, the lateral wholly so, the intermediate ones in part dark. Length very variable, 
according to development of the tail, up to 23 inches ; middle tail-feathers up to 8 or 9 inches 
long, the lateral only about 2.50 ; wing 8.50-9.50 ; extent 80.00; bill 1.25 ; tarsus the same ; 
middle toe and claw twice as much. Adult ^, in winter: No reddish on upper parts; the 
scapulars pearly-gray. Head, neck, and fore back white or whitish, with gray cheek-patch, 
and dark brown or blackish patch below ear. Fore breast of the latter color, set squarely 
between white of neck and belly. Upper parts except as said, and four middle tail-feathers 
(less developed than in summer) blackish ; the rest white. Bill extensively orange, with nail 
and broad saddle on mandible black. Young ^ in first winter with bill and feet dusky. Adult 
9: No elongation of tail or scapulars ; length about 18.00; extent under 30.00; wing 8.00- 
9.00; tail about 3.00. Bill and feet dusky-greenish; iris yellow. Head, neck, and upper parts 
dark grayish-brown, paler on throat, with large grayish-white patch around eye and another 
on side of neck ; under parts white, shaded along the sides. Thus an obscure medium -sized 
duck ; notice generic characteristics of bill, 14 tail-feathers, no white on wing, gray head and 
neck-patches in dark surroundings. N. Hemisphere, northerly, especially maritime; also on 
large inland waters ; U. S. in winter only, breeding in high latitudes. A lively voluble duck, 
called by Sundevall melodious: Anas canora, oh cantum vernalem suavem et so7iorum" : an 
expert diver, rank animal feeder; meat bad. Nest on ground ; eggs G-7, smooth, drab-colored, 
2.20X 1.50, to L90X1.40. 
294. CAMPTOL^'MUS. (Gr. Kafinros, Tcamptos, flexible ; Xaifios, laimos, throat ; referring to 
the leathery expansion of the bill.) Pied Duck. Bill nearly as long as head, longer than 
tarsus, not higher than broad at the base, nearly parallel-sided, but widened toward end by 
a leathery expansion of edge of upper mandible, the nail distinct. Teeth of upper mandible 
slight, oblique ; of under mandible very prominent, vertical. Frontal angles slight. Nostrils 
high up in basal third of bill. Cheek-feathers stiffish and bristly, with enlarged horny ends, 
extending on side of upper mandible in moderately convex outline, to about opposite those of 
chin. Wings short, vaulted, with curved primaries, the 1st and 2d subequal and longest ; inner 
secondaries long and tapering. Tail short, about two-fifths the wing, 14-feathered. Colora- 
tion of ^ black and white : 9 brown, gray, and white. One remarkable species. 
729. C. labrado'rius. (Of Labrador. Fig. 492.) Labrador Duck. Pied Duck. Adult : 
Bill black with orange at base and along edges, and grayish-blue along the ridge ; iris reddish- 
