PHALA CEOCOBA CID^ : COBMOBANTS. 
727 
bronzy- gray, black-edged; quills and tail grayish-black; feet black. In summer, when 
breeding, a white flank-patch, numerous long thready white plumes scattered on head and 
neck, and a small black occipital and nuchal crest. Length 36.00 ; extent 60.00 ; wing 
12.00-14.00 ; tail 6.00-7.00 ; tarsus over 2.00 ; bill 3.40 along ridge, 4.00 along the gape. In 
winter no crests or white feathers on neck or flanks. Young : Bill grayish-brown, black on 
top and at tip ; bare skin and sac yellow. Top of head and hind neck brownish-black ; back 
and wing-coverts brownish-gray, the feathers with dark margins, some of them also edged 
finally with whitish. Throat brownish-white, and under parts generally whitish, blackish* 
along the sides, dusky under the wings and across lower belly. The naked young in the nest 
are unpleasant livid purplish objects, with protuberant bellies, and large feet ; the first down is 
blackish. Eggs 3, sometimes 4, bluish-green coated with white chalky substance, 2.60 X 1.75; 
nests of sticks, moss, and seaweeds, very filthy and offensive. Atlantic Coast of Europe and 
North America ; breeds in great numbers on the rocky shores of Labrador and Newfoundland ; 
S. to the Middle States in winter. 
751. P. dilo'phus. (Gr. Sis, dis, twice ; Xot^oy, lophos, crest. Fig. 506.) Double-crested 
Cormorant. Tail of 12 feathers. Gular sac convex behind. No colored gorget. Glossy 
Fig. 506. — Double-crested Cormorant, nat. size. (Ad nat. del. E. C.) 
greenish-black ; feathers of the back and wings coppery-gray, black- shafted, black-edged. 
Adult with curly black lateral crests in the breeding season, but few if any other filamentous 
white ones, over the eyes and along the sides of the neck ; white flank-patch not observed in 
any specimens examined, probably not occurring ; iris green ; gular sac and lores orange. 
Winter spec, with bill bright yellow, blackening along culmen, gular sac red anteriorly, ochrey- 
yellow posteriorly ; legs dull black. Length 30.00-33.00 inches; extent 50.00; wing 12.00- 
13.00; tail 6.00-7.00; bill along gape 3.50; tarsus a little over 2.00. Young: Plain dark 
brown, paler or grayish (even white on the breast) below, without head-plumes. N. Am., at 
large, the commonest species, the only one diff'used over the interior ; eggs 3-4, 2.50 X 1-55. 
752. P. d. cincinna'tus. (Lat. cincinnatus, having curly hair.) White-tufted Cormorant. 
General character of the preceding, of which it appears to be a large northern variety. White 
lateral crests, of a superciliary bundle of long curly filamentous feathers. Larger : size of 
P. carho. Alaska. 
753. P. d. florida'nus. Florida Cormorant. Similar to, smaller than P. dilophus. Length 
30.00 or less; extent 45.00; wing 12.00 or less; tail 6.00 or less ; tarsus a little under 2.00; 
but bill as large if not larger ; gape nearly 4.00. The plumage is exactly the same. There i 
are said to be certain differences in the life-colors of the bills (blue instead of yellow on under 
mandible and edges of upper — Audubon), but none show in my specimens. This is simply 
a localized southern race of dilophus, smaller in general dimensions, with relatively larger bill, 
