802 
SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS.— FYGOPODES. 
tarsus 1.10; middle toe and claw 2.00; outer do. 1.90; inner do. 1.35 ; chord of culmen 2.00; 
curve 2.25 ; gape, from basal collar to tip, 1.20; chord of gonys 1.75 ; depth of bill at base 
1.80; greatest width 0.60; nostril 0.40; horn over eye 0.35. In winter: The moult of the 
bill not known ; supposed with good reason to shed 3 symmetrical pieces and two pairs of 
pieces, in all 7, namely, the collar at base of upper mandible ; the saddle of nasal fossa ; 
the shoe of under mandible ; the pair of sub-nasal strips ; the pair of mandibular strips ; if so, 
all the same as in F. arctica, excepting the pre-nasal strips. The processes of the eyelids 
fall ; the colored ring round eye pales ; the rosette of mouth shrivels and pales ; feet yellow ; 
the denuded membranous part of bill doubtless blackish. In any state, the species is easily 
recognized by extension of the black collar to the bill. N. Pacific, both coasts, and adjoining 
polar seas ; not known in N. Atlantic ; S. to Sitka at least. Economy in all respects that 
of the better known species. The single egg seen is dead white, rough, 2.75 X 1-75. 
854. F. arc'tica. (Lat. arcticaj arctic. Fig. 533.) Common Puffin. Sea Parrot. Adult in 
summer : Appendage of upper eye- 
lid upright, obtusely triangular; 
of lower eyelid linear, obtuse, hori- 
zontal. Bill moderately large, with 
moderate convexity of culmen, its 
height less than chord of culmen, 
little more than from posterior bor- 
der of nostril to tip ; base of cul- 
men and point of gonys not pro- 
duced far backward, leaving but 
moderately convex outline of feath- 
ers along side of bill ; sides of bill 
distinctly divided into an anterior, 
hard, horny, deeply grooved por- 
tion, differently colored from the 
smooth basal portion ; rictus long, 
that portion in advance of the basal 
rim of upper mandible much longer 
than upper mandible is deep ; out- 
line of under mandible regularly 
curved from base to tip; chord of 
gonys much shorter than that of 
culmen. Crown of head grayish- 
black, sharply defined against color 
of sides of head, separated by a 
slight ashy cervical collar from the 
Fig. 534. -Left, Horned Puffin; right, Tufted Puffin. (Drawn dark color of the upper parts. Sides 
l)y H. W. Elliott. From Harper Brothers.) of head, with chin and throat, ashy- 
white, nearly white between eyes and bill, with a dark ashy patch on side of throat. Upper 
parts glossy blue-black, continuous with a broad collar around the neck in front, not extending 
to the bill. A narrow line of white along border of fore-arm. Under parts from the neck 
pure white, the long feathers of the sides and flanks blackish. Under surface of wings pearly- 
gray ; inner webs of primaries and secondaries grayish-brown, the shafts brown, with black 
ends and whitish bases. Iris brown. Eyelids vermilion-red, the excrescences grayish-blue. 
Basal collar of bill and first ridge dull yellowish ; nasal saddle and corresponding shoe of lower 
mandible grayish-blue ; rest of bill vermilion-red, the tip of the lower mandible and two ter- 
minal grooves often yellowish ; rosette of mouth orange-yellow ; feet coral or vermilion-red ; 
