814 
SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — PYGOPOBES. 
869. B. crave'rii? (To F. Craven. Fig. 551.) Craveri's Murrelet. KesemWes the last; 
questionably distinct : differs in having the under surface of the wing dark. L. California; 
both sides. 
870. B. brachy'pterus ? (Gr. ^paxvs, hrachiis, short; nrepov, pteron, wing.) Short-winged 
Murrelet. Tarsus said to be longer than middle toe. Bill about i as long as head. 
Above, cinereous, the wings and tail 
blackish. Neck on sides and below, 
breast and belly white. Length 9.00. 
Unalashka. (This is the substance of 
Brandt's original description. The al- 
leged species is unknown to me, and no 
specimens are known to exist in this 
country.) 
545. U^RIA. (Gr. ovpla, ouria, a kind of 
water fowl.) Black Guillemots. Bill 
much shorter than head, about equal to 
tarsus, straight, rather stout, moderately 
compressed ; culmen at first straight, then 
decurved ; gape straight to near tip ; 
gonys short, straight, ascending, about ^ Fig. 551. — Craveri's Murrelet, nat. size. (From Elliot.) 
as long as culmen. No nick or groove near tip of upper mandible ; its tomial edge scarcely 
inflected. Nasal fossae large and deep, partially filled with feathers which do not entirely 
cover the nostrils. Feathers salient in rounded outHne on side of lower mandible. Tail little 
rounded, contained 2f times in length of wing. Tarsus entirely reticulate, slightly shorter than 
middle toe without claw. Claws compressed, arched, acute, the outer grooved on outer side, 
the middle dilated on inner edge. No postocular furrow in plumage. Color black, relieved 
with white on head or wing, bill black, feet red; in winter, largely white. Eggs plural, 
colored. Three or four species. 
Analysis of Species. 
A large white mirror on wing above and below, entire ; no white about head gnjlle 871 
A large white mirror on wing above, partly divided; none below; no white about head .... columba 872 
No white mirror on wing; parts about eye and bill white carlo 873 
871. U. grylle. (N. European name of the bird. Fig. 552.) Black Guillemot. Sea-pigeon. 
Adult in full dress : Plumage sooty-black with a tint of " invisible " green ; wings and tail pure 
black ; former with a large white mirror on both surfaces ; biU and claws black ; mouth and 
feet carmine, vermilion or coral red ; eyes brown. 
This faultless dress-suit is only worn about two 
months. In August, the wings and tail fade to 
gray ; the body-color loses the green gloss ; the 
white mirror is soiled with brown. When the 
quills and tail-feathers have fallen, and new ones 
partly grown, the progress of the moult gives a 
new clean white mirror, smaller than in midsum- 
mer; head and neck all around, rump and under 
parts, marbled with black and white, the bird 
looking as if dusted over with flour ; back black, 
the feathers mostly edged with white. Completion of the moult gives the following winter 
plumage: Wings and tail black, the white mirror faultless; head and neck all around, rump 
and under parts, white; back and more or less of the hind neck and head black, variegated 
with white. Young in first plumage : Bill black, feet dusky reddish. Upper parts plumbeous 
Fig. 552. — Black Guillemot, nat. size. 
