SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS OF FOSSIL BIRDS, 
825 
LONGIPENNES (p. 732). 
22. PUFFINUS CONRADI. 
Puffimis conradii, Marsh, Am. Journ. Sci., xlix, Mar., 1872, p. 212. — CouES, Key, 
1872, p. 350. 
A shearwater about the size of P. cinereus. From the Miocene of Maryland, and now 
preserved in the Museum of the Philadelphia Academy. 
PYGOPODES (p. 787). 
23. LOMVIA ANTIQUA. 
Catarractes antiquus. Marsh, Am. Journ. Sci., xlix. Mar., 1870, p. 213. — Coues, Key, 
1872, p. 350. 
A guillemot rather larger than the common murre (X. troile). From the Miocene of 
North Carolina. Deposited in the Philadelphia Academy. 
24. L03IVIA AFFINIS. 
Catarractes affinis, Marsh, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Oct., 1872, p. 259. — Coues, Key, 1872, 
p. 350. 
A species about as large as the preceding, and nearly related. From the Post-pliocene of 
Maine. The original specimen is in the Philadelphia Academy. 
BATITjE (p. 238). 
25. GASTOKNIS GIGANTEUS. 
Biatryma gigantea, Cope, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1876, p. 11. — Rep. Surv. W. 100th Merid., 
iv, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 69-71, pi. xxxii, figg. 23-25. 
From the Eocene of New Mexico, of the Wahsatch epoch; based upon a tarso- metatarsal 
bone lacking a part of the shaft and the external condyle. The species was of great size, the 
proximal end of the bone being nearly twice the diameter of that of the ostrich. " Its discovery 
introduced this group of Birds [BatitcR] to the known faunae of North America, and demon- 
strates that this continent has not been destitute of the gigantic forms of birds now confined to 
the southern hemisphere faunae" (Cope). The proximal end of the bone is described as resem- 
bling the same part in the ostriches {Struthionidce) and moas (Dinornithidce) ) while the distal 
end, as far as that is preserved, is similar to that of Gastornis of the corresponding horizon in 
France. 
B. — Cretaceous Birds. 
The following synopsis is based upon that given in the appendix of Marsh's great work 
already cited (J Odontornithes'). The nine genera and nineteen species presented are supposed 
to be referable to one or the other of the two types exemplified by Iclithyornis and Hesperornis 
respectively ; but, as many of them are still known only by remains so fragmentary that it is 
impossible to say whether they are OdontotormcB or Odontolcce, an alphabetical arrangement 
of the genera is followed. 
Most of the known remains of Cretaceous birds of North America have been discovered 
on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, in beds of middle Cretaceous age wliich have 
been termed by Marsh ^'Pteranodon beds," from the genus of toothless Pterodactyles found 
in them. These Western Cretaceous birds were all found in Kansas, excepting some from 
corresponding strata in Texas. The Eastern Cretaceous forms from the green-sand of New 
Jersey, all of which are distinct from the western ones, are from a higher horizon, representing 
a division of the upper Cretaceous. No jaws or teeth of these birds having been found, it is 
