124 
[Assembly 
nace hearths, and was opened about fifty years ago. It has not been 
worked during the last thirty years until within a few months. Mr. 
Joseph Bird has reopened it, and pays Mr. Van Houten $10 rent for 
every set of furnace hearths he quarries.* The quarry is two and a half 
miles from the landing, and a set of stones for a furnace hearth delivered 
there, is worth $100. One stratum only is quarried for this purpose, 
and that is three feet thick. Another stratum above might be used, but 
it is stated to be too tender. This, and most of the quarries of sand- 
stone were examined by Prof. Cassels. The stone is very porous, and 
filled with rounded quartz pebbles. It is tender when first quarried, 
but becomes harder by exposure to the weather. The furnace men pre- 
fer that the stones should " season" one year before they are put into 
the furnace. 
Another quarry, owned by Mr. Cornelius Depew, is about half a mile 
north of Van Houten's. Here the stone is gray at the surface, but red 
two feet below, so that the blocks contain both colours. The stone is 
stronger, finer grained, and not so tender as Van Houten's, but in other 
respects similar. One stratum only is worked at this quarry. The 
grandson of Mr. Depew works this quarry, and pays $15 rent per set 
of blocks for a hearth. The hearths now in the Greenwood, Woodbu- 
ry, and Cold Spring furnaces, are from this quarry. 
Blauvelt's quarry, three miles northwest of the New City, is worked 
by Isaac Springstein. It is opened near the summit of the hill. The 
face exposed is about 20 feet high. The uppermost layer is 5 feet 
thick. The stone is soft and friable, and is used for furnace hearths, 
glass works, and for jambs. The proprietor receives $13.20 per set. 
Another quarry has been opened three miles north of the New City 
by Richard Coe. It is the coarse gray sandstone, and near the junction 
of the trap and sandstone. 
Another quarry, one-fourth of a mile west of Coe's quarry, has been 
opened by Levi Smith. This stone is also the gray sandstone from near 
its junction with the trap rock. A locality was observed on the shore 
two or two and a half miles below Haverstraw where the conglomerate 
looks like a good fire stone. The stratum is 4 or 5 feet thick. 
Numerous quarries have been opened along the south base of the 
mountain on each side of the road, among which are those of John 
• A common hearth requires 14 blocks of stone, 10 of which contain each about 20 cubic 
feet, and 4 each about 10 cubic feet, or in the whole, 240 cubic feet. 
