No. 275.] 141 
fills the concavity below so that I could not see through; but in times 
of drought, people pass through it. 
This limestone is also met with half a mile southwest of the Queens- 
borough forge, very much resembling that at Fort Montgomery, and 
containing the same substances imbedded in it. It is here of very limit- 
ed extent, being confined to a few small elevations of a few rods in ex- 
tent. 
White primitive limestone is also found in the town of Warwick, 
it exists here on a more extensive scale. Its northern limit is near the 
line of the town of Goshen. It passes along the east side of Mount 
Eve. Its southeastern limit is very straight and well defined until it 
enters New- Jersey. Its western is irregular, passing along the side of 
Pochunck mountain, thence near the margin of the Drowned lands across 
the Pochunck creek to Mount Adam. It also passes some distance be- 
tween Mounts Adam and Eve. At its widest part its extent is more 
than three miles. It contains every where beds of granite, quartz, horn- 
blende rock and augite rock. It is not stratified, or if so, it is very irre- 
gular and confused. True, there are localities where there are appear- 
ances of stratification, and a dip to the southeast, but they are very 
limited in extent. 
Its colour is generally white, having the character of calcareous spar. 
In some localities it is snow white, translucent and compact like Parian 
marble. Plumbago and niica are very generally disseminated through 
it. It also contains a great variety of fine minerals imbedded, which 
will be enumerated in another place. It does not rise into ridges of 
much elevation. 
TRANSITION ARGILLITE. 
This rock occupies a large extent of surface in this county. Its ge- 
neral direction is NNE and SSW, varying to northeast and southwest. 
Some ridges and elevations differ considerably from this course; but 
these are partial, and extend only short distances. Its colour differs 
from light ash grey through all shades to black. Its hardness, in some 
localities, being the softest kind of clay slate; in others, hard and sili- 
cious; while others still possess this property in all intermediate degrees. 
It is every where regularly stratified^ although the strata, in many places, 
are singularly bent and contorted. 
Its di'p is uniformly to the southeast, differing considerably in its 
amount in different places. In some localities its position is nearly ver- 
