142 
[Assembly 
tical, while in others, the angle of its dip will scarcely reach 30°. Per- 
haps the angle of 50° will be nearest that of its general dip, A lit- 
tle way from the western base of the Highlands, it extends from near 
the line of New- Jersey in the town of Warwick, uninterruptedly to the 
Hudson river in Cornwall, New- Windsor, and Newburgh. On the 
west side of the Walkill river, the same rock comes out of New-Jersey 
and passes down this stream until it enters Ulster county, and in all 
this course there is no rock resting upon it. 
W^ith the exception of the two ranges mentioned above, it is often 
overlaid by other rocks; these will be noticed hereafter. It forms the 
bank of the Hudson, from about three and a half miles above New- 
burgh, to Cornwall landing, which may be about nine miles. Where- 
ver this rock is seen in this county, it is more or less stratified with gray- 
wacke and graywacke slate. 
Fine opportunities for observing these alternations, are afforded in 
the town of Montgomery, at the village of Walden, in the bed and 
banks of the Walkill, and the banks of the aqueduct which supplies 
water to the factories; also in the quarries on the west bank of the 
stream opposite the factories; also in the bed and banks of the Wal- 
kill, a little below the village of Montgomery; also in Mount-Hope at 
and near the village; at Unionville in Minisink, near the New- Jersey 
line; in the banks of the Hudson at Newburgh, and on the road from 
Newb'jrgh to Hampton, about a mile from the former place. 
On the whole, the alternations of the graywacke are less frequent and 
less extensive on the east and southeast side of the Walkill, than on 
the west and southwest. As we approach the foot and ascend the 
southeastern face of the Shawangunk mountain, the graywacke covers 
more surface than the argillite. 
This rock forms a kind of cuneiform termination in Warwick, about 
half a mile from the New- Jersey line; the limestone meeting round this 
termination from both sides. From this point, proceeding northeast, 
the argillite widens into an elevated ridge of rich land, called Long 
ridge, which extends across this town into Goshen. It forms the sur- 
face rock over three-quarters of Goshen; nearly all Blooming-Grove, 
west of the mountains; parts of Cornwall and New- Windsor; a large 
part of Newburgh; all Montgomery; all Hamptonburgh, except two or 
three farms; most of the towns of Crawford and Walkill; part of the 
town of Mount-Hope, and most of Minisink. 
