No. 275. 
161 
last named mountain. The rising and subsiding of the tops of this ridge 
affords one of the most prominent features of this valley, and adds 
greatly to its picturesque beauty. 
I have said that these lime rocks repose unconformably on the grit- 
rock composing the Shawangunk mountain, that is, dipping southeast, 
while the grit dips northwest; this, however, is far from certain. The 
stratification is to me still uncertain; this much may now be stated as 
fact in this county. If the rock dips north and west, the slaty laminae 
cleave at about right angles to the dip. These rocks require further ob- 
servation up and down the valley, to settle their position. 
Carpenter's point, between the Delaw^are and Neversink rivers, is 
composed of a dark coloured, impure limestone, apparently dipping to 
the north and west, running a little southeast of Port Jervis; it com- 
poses a part of the ridge last described. There are none of the lime- 
stones in this valley which burn into good lime. 
A limestone, containing abundance of fossils, is found in the town 
of Cornwall, two and a half miles west of the village of Canterbury, 
on the road to Salisbury mills. Its apparent position is between the 
slate and grit-rock, or millstone-grit of Prof. Eaton. Its dip is to the 
southeast, at a high inclination. Mixed in between the layers of this 
rock is the hematite, or limonite ore, on the land of Mr. Thomas Town- 
send. Where the ore exists, the limestone is all more or less decom- 
posed, some parts of the rock and its fossils retaining their form, but have 
become white or yellow, and soft, other parts, even the nodules of horn- 
stone, are so far changed that they have fallen to fine powder, mixed up 
with the ore in the same condition. This limestone makes but indiffe- 
rent lime. The distinctive fossil of this rock is the encrinite, although 
it contains many others. Limestone also is seen connected with limonite, 
a quarter of a mile north of the Clove mine, in Monroe. But little of 
the limestone, or ore, is exposed; not sufficient to reveal their position 
or relations. 
On the whole, our blue limestone formation is abundant for useful 
purposes, and conveniently distributed. It is found in Newburgh, New- 
Windsor, Cornwall, Monroe, Blooming-Grove, Hamptonburgh, Goshen, 
Warwick, Minisink and Deerpark. That of Cornwall* and Deerpark, 
where observed, does not burn, and perhaps cannot be burnt into very 
good quick lime, but in all the other towns mentioned, the stone is pre- 
* This remark is not intended to include the bed near Ketcham's miJl or the white primi- 
tive limestone. 
