No. 275. J 
247 
bed at Wolcott furnace, and the roof of the ore bed worked for the 
Tayberg, Lenox and Constantia furnaces, near Verona, and will be 
found between the village and the mill, a half a mile below. No ore 
has yet been found in Onondaga, the first indication east being in Madi- 
son, at Robert BushnelPs, in the loose materials of the bank above his 
stone quarry on the lake shore; again about ihree-fourths of a mile be- 
yond, at Joscelin corners, between the road and the lake. It appears 
to be in two layers, over a foot each, and of pretty good quality. It 
is exposed along a line nearly horizontal, of several hundred feet in 
length. This ore, it was said, was taken to Constantia furnace, but no 
very favorable opinion of it given; probably owing to the specimens 
having been taken from masses which had for ages rested upon the surface, 
and had resisted all change, owing to carbonate of lime, which is an 
associate of this ore, and to which its hardness is principally owing. 
Had excavations been made, and the softer varieties been chosen, a 
different opinion w^ould have been given. So far as the eye could de- 
termine, I was satisfied that much of the ore which was exposed upon 
the surface, so far as a judgment from the eye could be formed, seemed 
to me to be little inferior to the Verona and Westmoreland ore, and 
fully equal to the ore of the same kind quarried in Pennsylvania, near 
Danville, on the Susquehannah.^^ 
Indications of the same red ore appear in the bank of the lake, on 
Mr. Munger^s farm, at Oneida Lake post-office. 
All the localities on the lake shore are in a right line, but from thence 
the line in W'hich the ore is found is on a curve, passing to Verona. 
The ore being on the farm of Thomas Donnelly, in the town of Lenox. 
It is generally found below the surface about plough deep. Many- 
masses have been thrown up, some lying loose, others piled up. It is 
in solid masses and in a state of disintegration, colouring the surface of 
the ground of a blood red. This is the purest kind, the carbonate of 
lime having been removed by solution in water. The ore covers an 
area of about 80 or 100 acres, slightly raised above the adjoining aliu- 
* The ore near Danville corresponds in its fossils with the, second bed, that is, Donnelly's 
in Lennox, Bennett's. in Westmoreland, and the bed which once existed above the Tayberg, 
Constantia and Lenox bed in Verona, which has been destroyed; but the numerous masses 
and fragments which have been uncovered in grading the rail-road, show that it had there ex- 
isted. The common or prominent fossils, are the Strophemena rugosa, Atrypa affinis, Leptoena 
punctulifera, &c. &c. The encrinal rings with their peculiar rounded edges proving partial 
solution, are common to the beds of both States, and the characteristic fucoid of the protean 
group is found just below Danville. The perfect identity of the Pennsylvania and New- York 
bed show the extent of this thin deposition. It has long been known that the iron ore beds in 
New- York extended from Herkimer to the Genesee river, and now we know that one ofthem 
extends south 160 miles. 
