21S 
[Assembly 
foundations removed by springs or waters passing under them, similar 
to those of the village. 
i Tally Limestoiie. 
After rising and entering upon the slaty shale and sandstone which 
cover the whole of Western New-York, to the south and east and west of 
the great range of limestone of which the Seneca is the upper part, we 
find but one extensive regular deposit of limestone, which from the 
town of Fabius, extends west beyond Seneca lake. The geographical 
distribution of this limestone gives to it a somewhat anomalous charac- 
ter, for it forms two ranges, owing to an enormous curvature or swell 
which this rock and its associates present, causing it, after it has dipped 
below the surface of Cayuga lake near the line of Tompkins county, to 
again appear and to rise nearly to the height of 100 feet above the lake, 
and finally disappear near Bloom's lime kiln, about five miles north of 
Ithaca. This is the Tully limestone, a mass from 12 to 16 feet thick, 
of a bluish and brownish colour, not remarkable for purity; making, as 
is said, a good, bat not a white lime. It is met with at Tully Corners, 
at Borodino, on both sides of Skaneateles lake, on the road from Owasco 
to Kellogsville, at Martville, and the falls of Dry creek, below Moravia, 
and in the ravines along Cayuga lake, from four to five miles south of 
Aurora to Bloom's lime kiln. 
Large angular masses of this limestone have been carried as far as 
eight miles south of Ithaca, or twelve miles from their original location. 
There is a mass at that distance on the farm of Mr. Hollister, which 
from its size was considered to be in its original place. It is quarried 
and burnt for lime. Other masses, but not so large, but sufficient for 
filling three kilns have been found five miles south of Ithaca, on the 
farm of Mr. Ludlow, and in other parts to the south, east and west of 
the same village. 
The Tully limestone is the last mass of limestone that has been dis- 
covered south; all the carbonate of lime which occurs above it, is much 
intermixed with shale or sandstone, and with carbonates of iron and 
manganese; these two minerals seem to increase as the age of the rock 
diminishes. It is their presence that destroy, in all probability, the 
whiteness of the lime made from the Tully limestone, as minute veins 
of carbonate of iron are often seen in the stone. 
Tufa and Lake Marl. 
These two products are the same in composition, differing merely as 
to cohesion. One being formed under circumstances which admitted of 
