Ko. .275. J 307 
almost uninterruptedly from near- Oak's cornerSj in Phelps, to Manches- 
ter village; and beyond this it appears at many points, as on Mud 
creek, and near Victor village. East of Vienna, all the strata of this 
«eries are highly calcareous, and burned only for common quick lime. 
The principal quarries and kilns are within one and a half miles of the 
village. It is also quarried for buildings and enclosures, the layers be- 
ing sufficiently thick. It becomes stained with iron on exposure, and 
in almost every locality is highly bituminous. 
At Vienna, this rock is burned for hydraulic cement, and is said to 
form it of very good quality. Two miles farther west at the quarry of 
Mr. Maffit, large quantities have been used for this purpose. At this 
place the stone varies little in external characters from that used for 
lime. It consists of three distinct varieties; two only are used for the 
cement J while the lower course is composed of thin layers of tough 
argillaceous bluish limestone, breaking on exposure into small irregular 
fragments; and in mineral character precisely the same as the strata 
which pass through the gypsum beds. This portion on burning, melts 
into a coarse porous slag, externally glazed and yellowish. The second 
stratum consists of thin layers, externally drab coloured, silicious in 
texture, and harsh to the touch. This is succeeded by a few layers of 
irregular thickness, lighter in colour than those below, and much more 
calcareous. Of the two last mentioned, each at intervals partly takes 
the place of the other, so that their thickness is variable, and the divi- 
ding line takes an undulatory direction. The whole depth of the tw^o 
masses together varies from three to seven feet. If the lower of these 
is burned alone, the cement will not " set" under water; and if the 
upper is burned alone, it is found to be too calcareous, and less enduring 
than the more silicious cements. To obviate this difficulty, both are 
burned together, but without regard to proportions. From the nature 
of the materials, it is evident that the proportion of silicious and calca- 
reous matter must be very variable, and too little attention has hereto- 
fore been given to this circumstance, and to the nature of the ingredi- 
ents, in the manufacture of hydraulic cement. 
West of the last named quarries, the water lime appears in numerous 
localities south of the outlet, and near the road leading from Vienna to 
Manchester; bat here it is used mostly for enclosures, and at Manches- 
ter village for building stone, some of the layers being two or three 
feet thick. It is too soft and argillaceous for hydraulic cement or good 
lime. Above the village of Fredon, this rock is exposed in all its 
varieties, for half a mile on Mud creek, and along the whole line from 
