No. 50.] 
59 
In the town of Beekman we notice a sulphur spring, and a carbonat- 
ed spring is found in the same town. The mineralogy of this county- 
embraces also the following species, viz. 
Graphite — Four or five miles from Redford : said to be in conside- 
rable abundance. 
Crystallized quartz — Arnold and Palmer ore beds, &;c. 
Feldspar and mica — With the preceding. 
Pyroxene — Several varieties. 
Iron Pyrites — Often associated with the magnetic iron ore. 
Sulphuret of molybdenum. 
I cannot doubt that this catalogue will hereafter be greatly extended. 
COLUMBIA COUNTY. 
This county possesses considerable interest to the mineralogist. It 
has been perhaps quite as thoroughly explored as any other, and the 
number of its minerals is greater than that of three-fourths of the 
counties in the State. 
Among those minerals which are considered the most useful, may 
be enumerated the hematitic and bog iron ores, important deposites of 
which exist in various parts of this county. Of galena, or the common 
ore of lead, there are also several localities, the most noted of which is 
that in the town of Ancram. At this place, the ore is found near the 
junction of the slate with the limestone, and from the favorable appear- 
ances which were presented, capitalists were induced to incur large 
expenditures in mining operations. But the expectations of those who 
were interested in this mine have, I believe, been sadly disappointed. 
The ore occurs in strings and bunches rather than in veins, and min- 
ing is therefore attended with much hazard. 
The variety of oxide of manganese, called wad, and which when 
pure, is used in the manufacture of bleaching powder, has been found 
in various parts of this county. In the second annual report of the 
survey, Mr. Mather notices several localities where the quantity seems 
to be abundant. The specimens which I analyzed contain from 50 to 
68 per cent of oxide of manganese, and are probably pure enough for 
most of the uses to which this substance is applied. This point, how- 
ever, as well as the real value of different specimens can be determined 
