No. 50.] 63 
dance, associated with hematite, in the town of Union- Vale, by Dr. Hor- 
ton and myself. 
Garnet, precious and common — In mica slate, near the Foss ore bed, 
and at Stone Church, Dover. 
Staurotide — Associated with the garnets at the former locahty. 
Feldspar, epidote, tourmaline. 
Specular iron ore — In small crystals at the Clove ore bed. 
Iron pyrites, copper pyrites, sulphuret of copper, and carbonate of 
copper — All found occasionally associated with galena. 
ERIE COUNTY. 
This county, in other respects so highly favored, cannot boast much 
of its mineral wealth. The thin layers of coal which are sometimes 
found in it, as well as in several other western counties, would at first 
view seem to favor the idea that this valuable mineral exists in abun- 
dance. But this has been ascertained to be incorrect and it is only in 
a complete account of the mineralogy of the State that these occur- 
rences deserve to be noticed. Perhaps the most abundant mineral in 
this county is iron pyrites, which occurs in great abundance at Eighteen 
Mile creek and elsewhere. Unfortunately this substance is of httle 
value, and the only interest which attends its occurrence here, arises 
from the fact that various salts are formed by its spontaneous decompo- 
sition and subsequent union with other constituents of the rocks in 
which it occurs. Thus we have sulphate of iron or copperas, sulphate 
of magnesia and alum as the result of these changes. 
Minute quantities of some of the ores of copper have been observed 
by Mr. Vanuxem in the rocks near Black-Rock, as gray copper, cop- 
per pyrites and the green carbonate of copper. 
A large deposit of calcareous tufa is found at Ellicott's Mills, and 
the formation of it is constantly going on. This is another of those 
curious natural operations of which we have many examples in various 
parts of the State. In my second annual report I have attempted a 
summary of the principal localities of this kind in the State under the 
general head of Petrifying Springs. 
Water limestone has been found on Grand Island. A specimen, 
which I received from Mr. Hall, has a dark drab colour, the usual con- 
choidal fracture and has the following composition in 100 parts, viz : 
